Shloka 12

षट्चत्वारिंशः सर्गः

Ravana Deploys Five Generals; Hanuman Destroys the Commanders and the Remaining Host

Devanagari script

महत्सत्त्वमिदं ज्ञेयं कपिरूपं व्यवस्थितम्।।।।प्रयत्नं महदास्थाय क्रियतामस्य निग्रहः।

Transliteration

mahat sattvam idaṃ jñeyaṃ kapirūpaṃ vyavasthitam |

prayatnaṃ mahad āsthāya kriyatām asya nigrahaḥ ||

Translation

നിശ്ചയമായി അറിയുക: കപിരൂപത്തിൽ ഇവിടെ ഒരു മഹാസത്ത്വം നിലകൊള്ളുന്നു. അതിനാൽ മഹാപ്രയത്നം സ്വീകരിച്ച് അവനെ നിഗ്രഹിച്ച് പിടികൂടാനുള്ള നടപടികൾ കൈക്കൊള്ളുക.

Word by Word

• महत्: great
• महत्: विशेषणम् (qualifier of सत्त्वम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: विशेषणम्; नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम् (neuter nominative/accusative singular) — समासे पूर्वपदम्

• सत्त्वम्: being; nature; strength
• सत्त्वम्: कर्तृ/कर्म-सम्बन्धः (subject/complement in equational sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्त्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम् (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: विशेष्य-निर्देशः (deictic to the subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम् (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

• ज्ञेयम्: to be understood; should be known
• ज्ञेयम्: विधेय-विशेषणम् (predicative: ‘to be understood’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्ञा (धातु) + यत् (कृत्-प्रत्यय) → ज्ञेय (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृत्य-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive/future passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम् (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

• कपि: monkey
• कपि: समास-पूर्वपद-निर्देशकः
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासाङ्ग (compound member); प्रातिपदिकम्

• रूपम्: form
• रूपम्: विशेष्य (head of compound)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम् (neuter nominative/accusative singular) — समासे उत्तरपदम्

• कपिरूपम्: a monkey-form
• कपिरूपम्: विधेय-सम्बन्धः (apposition/complement to ‘इदम्’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपि + रूप (प्रातिपदिक-द्वयम्)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (genitive determinative: ‘कपेः रूपम्’); नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम् (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

• व्यवस्थितम्: established; settled; determined
• व्यवस्थितम्: विधेय-विशेषणम् (predicative qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: व्यव + स्था (धातु) + क्त (कृत्-प्रत्यय) → व्यवस्थित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम् (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

• प्रयत्नम्: effort
• प्रयत्नम्: कर्म (object of आस्थाय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रयत्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया एकवचनम् (masculine accusative singular)

• महत्: great
• महत्: विशेषणम् (qualifier of प्रयत्नम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: विशेषणम्; पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया एकवचनम् (masculine accusative singular) — प्रयत्नम् इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्

• आस्थाय: having undertaken; having resorted to
• आस्थाय: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (prior action to main verb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ + स्था (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund/absolutive); क्रियाविशेषणभावः (adverbial: ‘having undertaken’)

• क्रियताम्: let (it) be done; should be done
• क्रियताम्: मुख्यक्रिया (main predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकारः (imperative); कर्मणि प्रयोगः (passive); प्रथमपुरुषः एकवचनम् (3rd person singular): ‘let it be done’

• अस्य: of him; his
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation to निग्रहः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी एकवचनम् (masculine genitive singular)

• निग्रहः: capture; restraint; subjugation
• निग्रहः: कर्म-भावः/विधेय (that which is to be done; subject of passive injunction)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नि + ग्रह (धातु/प्रातिपदिक-निर्माण) → निग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम् (masculine nominative singular)

Context

"It should be understood that he has taken the form of a monkey. You have to put in extraordinary effort to capture him by acting in a suitable manner.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Hanumān

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Do not judge by appearance: dharma requires seeing the true capacity behind an outer form and responding responsibly.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa recognizes Hanumān as no ordinary monkey and commands intensified efforts to restrain him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Strategic discernment: identifying the real nature of a threat and adapting tactics accordingly.