Shloka 19

द्विचत्वारिंशः सर्गः (Sarga 42): Omens in Laṅkā, Report to Rāvaṇa, and the Kinkara Assault

Devanagari script

चारुपल्लवपुष्पाढ्यं यं सीता स्वयमास्थिता।प्रवृद्धश्शिंशुपावृक्ष स्स च तेनाभिरक्षितः।।5.42.19।।

Transliteration

cāru-pallava-puṣpāḍhyaṃ yaṃ sītā svayam āsthitā | pravṛddhaḥ śiṃśupā-vṛkṣaḥ sa ca tenābhirakṣitaḥ ||5.42.19||

Translation

സുന്ദരമായ ഇലക്കുരുക്കളും പുഷ്പങ്ങളും നിറഞ്ഞ ആ മഹാശിംശുപാ വൃക്ഷത്തിന്റെ തണലിൽ സീതാദേവി സ്വയം ആശ്രയം എടുത്തിരിക്കുന്നു; അതിനെയും അവൻ അക്ഷതമായി സംരക്ഷിച്ചു.

Word by Word

• चारु-पल्लव-पुष्प-आढ्यम्: rich with lovely tender leaves and flowers
• चारु-पल्लव-पुष्प-आढ्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चारु (प्रातिपदिक) + पल्लव (प्रातिपदिक) + पुष्प (प्रातिपदिक) + आढ्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः (पल्लव-पुष्पयोः आढ्यः) बहुव्रीहिवत्-विशेषणप्रयोगः; यम् इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्

• यम्: which/whom
• यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक-सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)

• सीता: Sita
• सीता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सीता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• स्वयम्: herself; personally
• स्वयम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वयम् (अव्यय)
• Form: स्वयम्-शब्दः अव्यय (adverb: 'personally/by herself')

• आस्थिता: resorted to; occupied
• आस्थिता: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-स्था (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past active/PPP in sense 'resorted to'); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्तरि-भावः

• प्रवृद्धः: fully grown; large
• प्रवृद्धः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र-वृद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (to वृक्षः)

• शिंशुपा-वृक्षः: the śiṃśupā tree
• शिंशुपा-वृक्षः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिंशुपा (प्रातिपदिक) + वृक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (शिंशुपायाः वृक्षः)

• सः: that (tree)
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction: 'and')

• तेन: by him
• तेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• अभिरक्षितः: protected; spared
• अभिरक्षितः: Kriya/Predicate (क्रिया/विधेय)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-रक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मणि-भावः

Context

The frightened beasts and birds ran and flew, screeching in all directions. Fierce portents appeared to the demons.

Characters & Entities

• Sītā
• śiṃśupā tree
• Aśoka-vana
• Rāvaṇa
• vānarā (Hanumān)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes reverence for shelters of the innocent; sparing the tree symbolizes safeguarding Sītā’s refuge and dignity.

What is the narrative situation?

The messengers specify that Hanumān spared the very tree associated with Sītā’s sitting place in the grove.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanumān’s sensitivity and restraint—strength governed by purpose, not indiscriminate violence.