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Shloka 18

सीताविलापः

Sita’s Lament and Resolve under Threat

सा शोकतप्ता बहुधा विचिन्त्यसीताऽथ वेण्युद्ग्रथनं गृहीत्वा।उद्बुध्य वेण्युद्ग्रथनेन शीघ्रमहंगमिष्यामि यमस्य मूलम्।।5.28.18।।

sā śokataptā bahudhā vicintya sītā'tha veṇyudgrathanaṃ gṛhītvā |

udbudhya veṇyudgrathanena śīghram ahaṃ gamiṣyāmi yamasya mūlam ||5.28.18||

ശോകത്തിൽ ദഗ്ധയായ സീത പലവിധം ചിന്തിച്ച് തന്റെ കേശവേണി കൈയിൽ പിടിച്ചു. ആ വേണിയാൽ തന്നെ ബന്ധിക്കാമെന്ന് വേഗത്തിൽ നിശ്ചയിച്ച് പറഞ്ഞു—“ഞാൻ ഉടൻ യമധർമ്മരാജന്റെ സന്നിധിയിലേക്കു പോകും.”

साshe
सा:
कर्ता (agent/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (feminine nominative singular); सर्वनाम
शोकतप्ताburnt/afflicted by grief
शोकतप्ता:
कर्तृविशेषणम् (subject-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootशोक + तप्त (तप्-धातु, क्त-प्रत्यय; कृदन्त)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (feminine nominative singular); शोक-तप्त = शोकेन तप्ता (instrumental-tatpurusha sense)
बहुधाin many ways
बहुधा:
क्रियाविशेषणम् (adverbial modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबहुधा (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण-अव्ययम् (adverb)
विचिन्त्यhaving worried/thought
विचिन्त्य:
पूर्वकालः (prior action to main verb)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि + चिन्त् (धातु) + ल्यप्/क्त्वा-प्रत्यय (अव्ययीभाव-कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त/ल्यबन्त-अव्ययम् (gerund/absolutive) — ‘having thought/worried’
सीताSita
सीता:
कर्ता (agent/subject) (apposition to सा)
TypeNoun
Rootसीता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (feminine nominative singular); विशेष्य/सम्बोधनार्थे नाम
अथthen
अथ:
सम्बन्ध/क्रमसूचक (sequencer)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अनन्तरार्थक-अव्ययम् (then/thereupon)
वेण्युद्ग्रथनम्the unbinding/loosening of the braid (hair-knot)
वेण्युद्ग्रथनम्:
कर्म (object of गृहीत्वा)
TypeNoun
Rootवेणी + उद्ग्रथन (उद् + ग्रथ्-धातु, ल्युट्-प्रत्यय; कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (neuter accusative singular); वेण्याः उद्ग्रथनम् (genitive-tatpurusha)
गृहीत्वाhaving taken/holding
गृहीत्वा:
पूर्वकालः (prior action to main verb)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootग्रह् (धातु) + क्त्वा-प्रत्यय (अव्ययीभाव-कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्ययम् (gerund/absolutive) — ‘having taken/holding’
उद्बुध्यhaving roused (herself)
उद्बुध्य:
पूर्वकालः (prior action to main verb)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउद् + बुध् (धातु) + ल्यप्/क्त्वा-प्रत्यय (अव्ययीभाव-कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त/ल्यबन्त-अव्ययम् (gerund/absolutive); अर्थः—‘having awakened/roused (oneself)’; प्रसङ्गतः ‘having resolved/roused herself’
वेण्युद्ग्रथनेनby/with the loosening of the braid
वेण्युद्ग्रथनेन:
करण (instrument/means)
TypeNoun
Rootवेणी + उद्ग्रथन (उद् + ग्रथ्-धातु, ल्युट्-प्रत्यय)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (neuter instrumental singular); वेण्याः उद्ग्रथनेन (genitive-tatpurusha)
शीघ्रम्quickly
शीघ्रम्:
क्रियाविशेषणम् (adverbial modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशीघ्र (प्रातिपदिक; अव्ययीभावेन प्रयोगः)
Formक्रियाविशेषण-अव्ययम् (adverb; accusative used adverbially)
अहम्I
अहम्:
कर्ता (agent/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (1st person pronoun, nominative singular)
गमिष्यामिI will go / I will reach
गमिष्यामि:
क्रिया (main action)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
Formलृट्-लकारः (simple future), उत्तमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्
यमस्यof Yama (lord of death)
यमस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootयम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (masculine genitive singular)
मूलम्the presence/abode; the very root/base (i.e., Yama’s realm)
मूलम्:
कर्म (goal/object of motion)
TypeNoun
Rootमूल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (neuter accusative singular); गन्तव्य-देशः

"Burning in grief, worrying in many ways, Sita took hold of her braid and said", by tying myself with this braid I shall quickly reach the presence of the lord of death".

S
Sita
Y
Yama

FAQs

The verse reflects an intense moment of despair under coercion and captivity; it portrays her suffering rather than prescribing suicide as dharma. In the broader narrative, Sītā remains steadfast to dharma and satya, enduring until rescue becomes possible.

It highlights her unwavering truthfulness and chastity under threat: she would rather face death than violate her fidelity. The braid becomes a symbol of her inner resolve to uphold satya even in extreme adversity.