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Shloka 31

भरद्वाजाश्रमप्राप्तिः

Arrival at Bharadvāja’s Hermitage and Counsel toward Citrakūṭa

ऋषयस्तत्र बहवो विहृत्य शरदां शतम्।तपसा दिवमारूढाः कपालशिरसा सह।।।।

ṛṣayas tatra bahavo vihṛtya śaradāṁ śatam |

tapasā divam ārūḍhāḥ kapālaśirasā saha || 2.54.31 ||

അവിടെ അനേകം ഋഷിമാർ നൂറു ശരദ്കാലങ്ങൾ വരെ വസിച്ചു വിഹരിച്ചു; തപസ്സിന്റെ ശക്തിയാൽ അവർ ദിവ്യലോകത്തിലേക്ക് ആരോഹണം ചെയ്തു—അത്യന്തം ക്ഷീണിച്ച് കപാലം മാത്രം തലപോലെ തോന്നുന്നവരായി.

ऋषयःsages
ऋषयः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), बहुवचन
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; देशवाचक (adverb: 'there')
बहवःmany
बहवः:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; ऋषयः इत्यस्य विशेषण
विहृत्यhaving roamed
विहृत्य:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवि-हृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund); 'having sported/roamed'
शरदाम्of years (autumns)
शरदाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootशरद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; शतम् इत्यस्य सम्बन्ध (genitive of measure: 'of autumns/years')
शतम्a hundred
शतम्:
Kāla-parimāṇa (कालपरिमाण)
TypeNoun
Rootशत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म) (कालपरिमाण), एकवचन
तपसाby austerity
तपसा:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया (3rd/करण), एकवचन
दिवम्heaven
दिवम्:
Karma (कर्म) (goal of motion)
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्/द्यौस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन
आरूढाःhaving ascended
आरूढाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootआ-रुह् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past participle); पुल्लिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; ऋषयः इत्यस्य विशेषण
कपालशिरसाwith skulls on the head
कपालशिरसा:
Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
TypeNoun
Rootकपाल + शिरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष समास (कपालं शिरसि यस्य/कपालशिरस्); तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन (सह-योगे)
सहwith
सह:
Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; सहार्थक (postposition-like indeclinable: 'with')

On the Chitrakuta mountain many ascetics wandered about (lived) for hundreds of years carrying on penance. In the process they became so much emaciated that they looked as if they were left (only) with the skulls on their heads. (In the end) they ascended heaven.

C
Citrakūṭa
Ṛṣis (sages)

FAQs

Dharma includes self-discipline and sacrifice: sustained tapas (austerity) is portrayed as a legitimate path to spiritual elevation and inner purification.

The narrative describes Citrakūṭa as a long-standing abode of ascetics and highlights the intensity of their penance.

Austerity and steadfastness—enduring long years of disciplined practice for higher spiritual ends.