Valmiki Ramayana 2.112.11: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 112, Shloka 11

पादुकाप्रदानम्

The Gift of the Sandals and Delegated Kingship

Devanagari script

रक्षितुं सुमहद्राज्यमहमेकस्तु नोत्सहे।पौरजानपदांश्चापि रक्तान्रञ्जयितुं तथा।।2.112.11।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.112.11

Transliteration

rakṣituṃ sumahad rājyam aham ekas tu notsahe | paurajānapadāṃś cāpi raktān rañjayituṃ tathā || 2.112.11 ||

Translation

ഒറ്റയ്ക്ക് ഞാൻ ഈ മഹാവിസ്തൃതമായ രാജ്യം കാത്തുസൂക്ഷിക്കാൻ ധൈര്യമില്ല; നഗരത്തിലും ജനപദങ്ങളിലും സ്നേഹനിഷ്ഠരായ പ്രജകളെ ഒറ്റയ്ക്ക് സന്തോഷിപ്പിക്കാനും എനിക്കാവില്ല.

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Word by Word

• rakṣitum: to protect
• rakṣitum: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/उद्देश्य)
• Type: Verb
• Root: rakṣ (धातु)
• Form: Tumun infinitive (तुमुन्)

• su: very
• su: Viśeṣaṇa-nipāta (विशेषणनिपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: su (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; upasarga/nipāta used as intensifier (सु)

• mahat: great/vast
• mahat: Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of "rājyam"

• rājyam: kingdom
• rājyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• aham: I
• aham: Kartā (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Prathamā, Ekavacana

• ekaḥ: alone
• ekaḥ: Kartā-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: eka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pumliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of "aham"

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; nipāta

• na: not
• na: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; niṣedha (negation particle)

• utsahe: I am able/dare
• utsahe: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: utsah (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra, Ātmanepada, Uttama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; with negation "na"

• paura-jānapadān: townsmen and villagers
• paura-jānapadān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paura + jānapada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pumliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; itaretara-dvandva: paurāḥ ca jānapadāḥ ca (townsmen and countryfolk)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction

• api: also
• api: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; samuccaya/anuvṛtti (also) particle

• raktān: loyal/attached
• raktān: Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rakta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pumliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; viśeṣaṇa of "paura-jānapadān"; meaning "attached/loyal"

• rañjayitum: to please
• rañjayitum: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/उद्देश्य)
• Type: Verb
• Root: rañj (धातु)
• Form: Tumun infinitive (तुमुन्)

• tathā: likewise/also
• tathā: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; manner adverb

Context

All our relatives, warriors, friends and well-wishers long to see you like farmers yearn for the rain-cloud.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Rāma
• rājya (kingdom)
• paura (townspeople)
• jānapada (countryfolk)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

True authority is tied to fitness and rightful claim; Bharata expresses that rulership must be borne by the one best suited and legitimately entitled, not merely by circumstance.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata urges Rāma to return and take up kingship, confessing his inability to rule alone and to satisfy the people.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Anṛśaṃsya and vinaya—non-arrogance and humility—seen in Bharata’s refusal to grasp power and his concern for the people’s welfare.