Shloka 45

The Vow of the Bed of Good Fortune (Saubhāgya-śayana) and the Saubhāgyāṣṭaka

Devanagari script

एवं संवत्सरं यावदुपोष्य विधिवन्नरः । स्त्री च नक्तं कुमारी च शिवमभ्यर्च्य भक्तितः

Transliteration

evaṃ saṃvatsaraṃ yāvadupoṣya vidhivannaraḥ | strī ca naktaṃ kumārī ca śivamabhyarcya bhaktitaḥ

Translation

ഇങ്ങനെ വിധിപൂർവ്വം ഒരു വർഷം വരെ ഉപവാസം അനുഷ്ഠിച്ച്, പുരുഷൻ ഭാര്യയോടുകൂടിയും, രാത്രിയിൽ മാത്രം ഭക്ഷിക്കുന്ന കുമാരിയും ഭക്തിയോടെ ശിവനെ ആരാധിക്കണം।

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of manner)

• संवत्सरम्: for a year
• संवत्सरम्: Kala-adhikarana (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संवत्सर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (काल-अत्यन्त-संयोग; duration), एकवचन

• यावत्: as long as / until
• यावत्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यावत् (अव्यय)
• Form: परिमाण/अवधि-वाचक-अव्यय (until/as long as)

• उपोष्य: having fasted
• उपोष्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उपवस् (धातु) → उपोष्य (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund); ‘having fasted’

• विधिवत्: according to the prescribed rule
• विधिवत्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विधिवत् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (according to rule)

• नरः: a man/person
• नरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• स्त्री: a woman
• स्त्री: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• नक्तम्: at night
• नक्तम्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नक्तम् (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (by night/at night)

• कुमारी: a maiden/virgin girl
• कुमारी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुमारी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• शिवम्: Śiva
• शिवम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• अभ्यर्च्य: having worshipped
• अभ्यर्च्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि+अर्च् (धातु) → अभ्यर्च्य (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund); ‘having worshipped’

• भक्तितः: with devotion / out of devotion
• भक्तितः: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (हेतु/अपादानार्थ), एकवचन; अव्ययीभावार्थे ‘-तः’ = ‘from/through’

Speaker

Unspecified (narrative/instructional voice within the chapter context)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: yāvadupoṣya → yāvat + upoṣya; śivamabhyarcya → śivam + abhyarcya.

Characters & Entities

• Shiva

FAQs

What practice is being prescribed in this verse?

It prescribes a year-long observance of fasting/vow (upavāsa/vrata) performed according to scriptural rules, culminating in devoted worship of Śiva.

What does “nakta” indicate here?

“Nakta” commonly refers to the discipline of eating only at night (a regulated single night-meal), used as a form of austerity within a vrata.

What ethical or spiritual emphasis does the verse convey?

It emphasizes disciplined observance (vidhivat) joined with devotion (bhakti), presenting worship as effective when supported by restraint and sincerity.