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Shloka 37

Adhyaya 45Jaimini’s Cosmological Questions and the Opening of Markandeya’s Account of Primary Creation

यथा बीजं त्वचा तद्वदव्यक्तेनावृतो महान् ।

सात्त्विको राजसश्चैव तामसश्च त्रिधोदितः ॥

yathā bījaṃ tvacā tadvad avyaktenāvṛto mahān | sāttviko rājasaś caiva tāmasaś ca tridhoditaḥ ||

വിത്ത് അതിന്റെ തൊലിയാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നതുപോലെ, മഹത് തത്ത്വം അവ്യക്തംകൊണ്ട് മൂടപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. അത് ത്രിവിധമെന്നു പ്രഖ്യാപിക്കുന്നു—സാത്ത്വികം, രാജസം, താമസം.

yathājust as
yathā:
Upamāna-marker (उपमान-सूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormComparative particle (उपमान-निपात): 'as/just as'
bījama seed
bījam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbīja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसक), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
tvacāby/with a skin (covering)
tvacā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Roottvac (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
tadvatlikewise
tadvat:
Upamāna-anvaya (उपमानान्वय)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadvat (अव्यय)
FormAdverbial particle (निपात): 'likewise, in the same way'
avyaktenaby the unmanifest (Prakṛti)
avyaktena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootavyakta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसक), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
āvṛtaḥcovered
āvṛtaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootā-√vṛ (वृ) → āvṛta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular; qualifying 'mahān'
mahānMahat
mahān:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmahant (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
sāttvikaḥsāttvika
sāttvikaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsāttvika (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular; one of three modes
rājasaḥrājasa
rājasaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootrājasa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय): 'and'
evaindeed
eva:
Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (अवधारण-निपात): 'indeed/just'
tāmasaḥtāmasa
tāmasaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottāmasa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
tridhāthreefold
tridhā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottridhā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण): 'in three ways'
uditaḥmanifested
uditaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootud- + √i (इ) / √dā? → udita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPast participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular; 'arisen/manifested' (agreeing with implied 'ahaṅkāraḥ' or 'saḥ')
Not specified in the provided extract

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "jnana", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

CosmologyGuṇasAvyaktaMahat

FAQs

The seed metaphor teaches that manifest intelligence is still conditioned by the unmanifest matrix; likewise, human cognition is shaped by guṇas. Ethical cultivation involves increasing sattva to clarify perception and action.

Sarga: explains differentiation within the first evolute (Mahat) through the three guṇas.

The ‘covering’ implies veiling (āvaraṇa): reality is present but obscured. Spiritual practice is portrayed as removing coverings so the inner intelligence reflects consciousness without distortion.