Shloka 38

Adhyaya 45 — Jaimini’s Cosmological Questions and the Opening of Markandeya’s Account of Primary Creation

Sanskrit

ततस्तस्मादहङ्कारस्त्रिविधो वै व्यजायत ।

वैकारिकस्तैजसश्च भूतादिश्च सतामसः ॥

Transliteration

tatas tasmād ahaṅkāras trividho vai vyajāyata | vaikārikas taijasaś ca bhūtādiś ca satāmasaḥ ||

Translation

അതിൽ നിന്നുതന്നെ ത്രിവിധ അഹങ്കാരം ജനിക്കുന്നു—വൈകാരികം, തൈജസം, ഭൂതാദി; ഇതിന്റെ സ്വഭാവം താമസമാണ്.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण): 'then'

• tasmāt: from that
• tasmāt: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुं), Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular

• ahaṅkāraḥ: ego-principle (ahaṅkāra)
• ahaṅkāraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ahaṅkāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• trividhaḥ: threefold
• trividhaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tri (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + vidha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular; तत्पुरुष: 'trayo vidhāḥ yasya' = threefold

• vai: indeed
• vai: Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vai (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (निपात): 'indeed'

• vyajāyata: was born/arose
• vyajāyata: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-√jan (जन्)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)

• vaikārikaḥ: vaikārika (sāttvika)
• vaikārikaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vaikārika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular; subtype of ahaṅkāra

• taijasaḥ: taijasa (rājasa)
• taijasaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: taijasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• bhūtādiḥ: bhūtādi (source of the elements)
• bhūtādiḥ: Viśeṣya (विशेष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūta (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular; तत्पुरुष: 'bhūtānām ādiḥ' = source of elements

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• sa-tāmasaḥ: tāmasa
• sa-tāmasaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa (उपपद/सह) + tāmasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular; कर्मधारय/उपपद-समास: 'tāmasaḥ saha/युक्तः' = 'tāmasa (as such)' (designation of the third type)

Speakers

• Not specified in the provided extract

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "jnana", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Ahaṅkāra
• Sāṅkhya tattvas
• Guṇas

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ego is not merely personal pride; it is a cosmic principle that individuates experience. Ethically, reducing egoic fixation supports clearer judgment and lessened bondage.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sarga: specifies the next evolute after Mahat—ahaṅkāra—and its guṇic divisions that will generate senses and elements.

What is the esoteric significance?

Threefold ahaṅkāra maps to three channels of manifestation: cognition (sattva), dynamism (rajas), and materialization (tamas). Inner practice seeks to disentangle awareness from the ‘I-maker’.