Shloka 10

Adhyaya 44 — Subahu’s Counsel to the King of Kashi and Alarka’s Renunciation through Yoga

Sanskrit

गार्हस्थ्यमोहमापन्ने सीदत्यस्मिन्नरेश्वर ।

सम्बन्धिन्यस्य देहस्य बिभ्रति भ्रातृकल्पनाम् ॥

Transliteration

gārhasthya-moham āpanne sīdaty asmin nareśvara / sambandhiny asya dehasya bibhrati bhrātṛ-kalpanām

Translation

ഹേ നരാധിപാ! ഗൃഹസ്ഥജീവിതമോഹത്തിൽ വീണ ഈയാൾ, ഈ ദേഹത്തെയും അതിന്റെ ബന്ധങ്ങളെയും കുറിച്ച് ‘സഹോദരത്വം’യും ബന്ധുത്വവും എന്നു കൽപ്പിച്ചു മുങ്ങിപ്പോകുന്നു।

Word by Word

• गार्हस्थ्य-मोहम्: delusion of household-life
• गार्हस्थ्य-मोहम्: अधिकरण-हेतु/निमित्त (हेतुः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गार्हस्थ्य (प्रातिपदिक) + मोह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (gārhasthyasya mohaḥ)

• आपन्ने: when (one) has fallen into
• आपन्ने: अधिकरण (सप्तमी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आपन्न (कृदन्त; √आपद् (धातु))
• Form: सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) — ‘having fallen into/entered’

• सीदति: sinks; becomes despondent
• सीदति: क्रिया (आख्यात)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सद् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• अस्मिन्: in this (state/condition)
• अस्मिन्: अधिकरण (Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अयम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• नर-ईश्वर: O lord of men (king)
• नर-ईश्वर: सम्बोधन (Vocative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (narāṇām īśvaraḥ)

• सम्बन्धिनी: (she) who is related/connected
• सम्बन्धिनी: कर्ता (Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्बन्धिनी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन; विशेषण (dehasya)

• अस्य: of this (man)
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• देहस्य: of the body
• देहस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• बिभ्रति: bears; assumes
• बिभ्रति: क्रिया (आख्यात)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भृ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• भ्रातृ-कल्पनाम्: the notion/idea of (being) a brother
• भ्रातृ-कल्पनाम्: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ (प्रातिपदिक) + कल्पना (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (bhrātuḥ kalpanā)

Speakers

• Subāhu speaking to Kāśirāja

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Gārhasthya attachment
• Deha-abhimāna (body-identification)
• Renunciation psychology
• Critique of possessiveness

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse does not condemn gārhasthya as an āśrama per se; it targets ‘moha’—the error of taking bodily ties as ultimate, which produces spiritual decline.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/nīti material: guidance about attachment and identity; only indirectly connected to vaṃśānucarita if the surrounding narrative is genealogical.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Bhrātṛ-kalpanā’ implies that relational identities are mental superimpositions (kalpanā) upon the body; liberation begins when these constructs are seen as contingent rather than absolute.