Shloka 18

Adhyaya 30 — Madālasā’s Instruction on Household Duties and Naimittika–Śrāddha Rites

Sanskrit

सपिण्डीकरणं तासां पुत्राभावे न विद्यते ।

प्रतिसंवत्सरं कार्यमेकोद्दिष्टं नरैः स्त्रियाः ॥

Transliteration

sapiṇḍīkaraṇaṃ tāsāṃ putrābhāve na vidyate |

pratisaṃvatsaraṃ kāryam ekoddiṣṭaṃ naraiḥ striyāḥ ||

Translation

പുത്രൻ ഇല്ലാത്തപ്പോൾ ആ സ്ത്രീകൾക്കായി സപിണ്ഡീകരണം വിധിക്കപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല. അതിന് പകരം പുരുഷന്മാർ ആ സ്ത്രീയുടെ നിമിത്തം പ്രതിവർഷം ഏകോദ്ദിഷ്ട ശ്രാദ്ധം നടത്തണം.

Word by Word

• सपिण्डीकरणम्: the making into sapinda-relationship (sapindīkaraṇa rite)
• सपिण्डीकरणम्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सपिण्डीकरण (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त-भाव)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; भाववाचक-नाम (action-noun)

• तासाम्: of those (women)
• तासाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• पुत्र-अभावे: in the absence of a son
• पुत्र-अभावे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक) + अभाव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (son’s absence = absence of a son)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)

• विद्यते: exists / is prescribed
• विद्यते: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; भावे/अस्तित्वार्थे प्रयोगः (exists/is found)

• प्रति-संवत्सरम्: every year
• प्रति-संवत्सरम्: Kala-adhikarana (काल-अधिकरण/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (अव्यय) + संवत्सर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास; अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः (adverbial)

• कार्यम्: to be done / obligatory
• कार्यम्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रिया-विशेषण/Predicative)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (धातु) → कार्य (कृदन्त; विधेय)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; कर्तव्यतार्थक-तव्यत्/यत्-प्रत्ययान्त (to be done)

• एक-उद्दिष्टम्: the ekoddiṣṭa (single-offering śrāddha)
• एक-उद्दिष्टम्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक) + उद्दिष्ट (कृदन्त; √दिश्/उद्दिश्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास (single + designated)

• नरैः: by men
• नरैः: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन

• स्त्रियाः: of a woman
• स्त्रियाः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन (also possible प्रथमा बहुवचन by form; here taken as genitive singular by sense: ‘of a woman’)

Speakers

• Didactic ritual instruction (speaker not explicit in excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitri Puja
• Śrāddha-vidhi
• Kinship duty
• Gender and ritual eligibility

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The passage encodes a social-ritual dependency on descendants for certain integrative rites, while still ensuring ongoing remembrance through annual ekoddiṣṭa.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma/ācāra instruction.

What is the esoteric significance?

Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa symbolizes full ancestral assimilation; where it is not ritually ‘activated’, the annual ekoddiṣṭa serves as a compensatory channel maintaining the departed’s linkage with family merit and memory.