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Shloka 12

Adhyaya 28Alarka Inquires into Varna and Ashrama Dharma; Madalasa Defines the Fourfold Duties

स्वाध्यायोऽथाग्रिशुश्रूषा स्नानं भिक्षाटनं तथा ।

गुरोर्निवेद्य तच्चान्नमनुज्ञातेन सर्वदा ॥

svādhyāyo 'thāgriśuśrūṣā snānaṃ bhikṣāṭanaṃ tathā | guror nivedya tac cānnam anujñātena sarvadā ||

സ്വാധ്യായം, അഗ്നിസേവ, സ്നാനം, ഭിക്ഷാടനം; ആ അന്നം ഗുരുവിന് നിവേദിച്ച്, എപ്പോഴും ഗുരുവിന്റെ അനുവാദത്തോടെയേ ഭക്ഷിക്കണം।

स्वाध्यायःself-study/recitation
स्वाध्यायः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsvādhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
अथthen
अथ:
None (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, अनुक्रम/समुच्चय (then/and next)
अग्नि-शुश्रूषाattendance on the sacred fire
अग्नि-शुश्रूषा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootagni (प्रातिपदिक) + śuśrūṣā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'अग्नेः शुश्रूषा' (service/attendance to the sacred fire)
स्नानम्bathing
स्नानम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsnāna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
भिक्षाटनम्going for alms
भिक्षाटनम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhikṣāṭana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
तथाalso
तथा:
None (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चय/प्रकार (also/likewise)
गुरोःof the teacher
गुरोः:
Sambandha (षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootguru (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन
निवेद्यhaving offered (to him)
निवेद्य:
Kriyā (पूर्वकर्म/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootनि + √vid (विद् धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययभाव (gerund): 'having offered/informed'
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; 'that' qualifying 'अन्नम्'
and
:
None (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चय (and)
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootanna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
अनुज्ञातेनwith what is permitted
अनुज्ञातेन:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootanujñāta (अनु + √jñā धातु; क्त-प्रत्यय)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक, तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), एकवचन; 'with/by (food) permitted/allowed' (i.e., after permission)
सर्वदाalways
सर्वदा:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsarvadā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, कालवाचक (temporal adverb: always)
Not specified in the provided excerpt (instructional voice)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Agni (implied via fire-service)
BrahmacaryaVedic disciplineRitual purityGuru obedience

FAQs

The student’s life is structured to cultivate restraint and reverence: learning (svādhyāya) is inseparable from purity, service, and humility before the guru.

Ācāra/Dharma instruction; it reflects Purāṇic preservation of Vedic pedagogy.

Fire-service points to tending the ‘inner agni’ of attention; offering food to the guru symbolizes offering the fruits of action to higher guidance before personal enjoyment.