Shloka 11

Adhyaya 28 — Alarka Inquires into Varna and Ashrama Dharma; Madalasa Defines the Fourfold Duties

Sanskrit

कृतोपनयनः सम्यग् ब्रह्मचारी गुरुगृहे ।

वसेत्तत्र च धर्मोऽस्य कथ्यते तं निबोध मे ॥

Transliteration

kṛtopanayanaḥ samyag brahmacārī gurur gṛhe | vaset tatra ca dharmo 'sya kathyate taṃ nibodha me ||

Translation

വിധിപൂർവം ഉപനയനം കഴിഞ്ഞാൽ ബ്രഹ്മചാരിക്ക് ഗുരുവിന്റെ ഗൃഹത്തിൽ വസിക്കണം. അവിടെ അവന്റെ ധർമ്മം വിവരിക്കപ്പെടും—എന്നിൽ നിന്നു ഗ്രഹിക്ക.

Word by Word

• कृत-उपनयनः: one who has undergone upanayana
• कृत-उपनयनः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛta (√kṛ धातु; क्त-प्रत्यय) + upanayana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त 'कृत' + षष्ठी/कर्मधारय-भाव: 'उपनयनं कृतं यस्य' (whose upanayana is done)

• सम्यक्: properly
• सम्यक्: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: samyak (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: properly/fully)

• ब्रह्मचारी: a brahmacārin (student-celibate)
• ब्रह्मचारी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahmacārin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• गुरोः: of the teacher
• गुरोः: Sambandha (षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guru (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/genitive), एकवचन

• गृहे: in the house
• गृहे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gṛha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/locative), एकवचन

• वसेत्: should live
• वसेत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vas (वस् धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद: 'should dwell'

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, देशवाचक (locative adverb: there)

• च: and
• च: None (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय (and)

• धर्मः: duty/rule of conduct
• धर्मः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• अस्य: of him
• अस्य: Sambandha (षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक, षष्ठी (6th/genitive), एकवचन; pronoun: 'of him/for him'

• कथ्यते: is stated
• कथ्यते: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kath (कथ् धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive): 'is told/declared'

• तम्: that (duty)
• तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/accusative), एकवचन; refers to 'धर्मम्' understood

• निबोध: understand
• निबोध: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √budh (बुध् धातु) + नि- (उपसर्ग)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद: 'understand/learn'

• मे: from me
• मे: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी/चतुर्थी (genitive/dative) एकवचन; enclitic: 'of me/to me' (here: 'from me')

Speakers

• Not specified in the provided excerpt (instructional voice)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Āśrama-dharma
• Brahmacarya
• Guru-śiṣya discipline
• Saṃskāra

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Knowledge is transmitted through lived discipline: residence with the guru is not merely academic but ethical formation—humility, service, and regulated life enabling learning.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/Dharma instruction (āśrama system), outside the five-lakṣaṇa core.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Living with the guru’ symbolizes proximity to wisdom; externally it is a household, inwardly it is abiding near the principle of discernment (viveka).