Shloka 20

Adhyaya 26 — Madālasa Names Alarka and Reorients Him Toward Kshatriya Duty

Sanskrit

पुत्रस्य यद् कृतं नाम तृतीयस्यारिमर्दनः /

मन्ये तदप्यसंबद्धं शृणु चाप्यत्र कारणम्

Transliteration

putrasya yad kṛtaṃ nāma tṛtīyasyārimardanaḥ | manye tad apy asambaddhaṃ śṛṇu cāpy atra kāraṇam ||

Translation

നിന്റെ മൂന്നാമത്തെ പുത്രന് നൽകിയ ‘അരിമർദന’ എന്ന നാമവും എനിക്ക് അസംഗതമെന്നു തോന്നുന്നു. അതിന്റെ കാരണവും കേൾക്കുക.

Word by Word

• putrasya: of the son
• putrasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• yat: which
• yat: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular); relative pronoun referring to nāma

• kṛtam: made; given
• kṛtam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त-भूतकर्मणि-क्त (PPP -ta), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; agrees with nāma

• nāma: name
• nāma: Karma (कर्म/Object of manye)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nāman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular)

• tṛtīyasya: of the third
• tṛtīyasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tṛtīya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन; 'of the third (son)'

• arimardanaḥ: ‘Arimardana’ (enemy-crusher)
• arimardanaḥ: Saṃjñā (संज्ञा/Name)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ari + mardana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nom/1st), एकवचन (Singular); name/appellation

• manye: I think; I consider
• manye: Kriyā (क्रिया/Finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: man (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), उत्तम-पुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (Singular), आत्मनेपद

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Acc/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); refers to 'that (name)'

• api: also
• api: Avyaya (अव्यय/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अपि (particle: 'also/even')

• asambaddham: unconnected; irrelevant
• asambaddham: Karma-pravacanīya/Predicate (विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-sambaddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Acc/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); predicate complement of tat (object)

• śṛṇu: hear
• śṛṇu: Kriyā (क्रिया/Command)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śru (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यम-पुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• api: also
• api: Avyaya (अव्यय/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अपि (particle: 'also')

• atra: here; in this matter
• atra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative sense)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atra (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, देशवाचक (adverb of place: 'here/in this matter')

• kāraṇam: reason; cause
• kāraṇam: Karma (कर्म/Object of śṛṇu)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Acc/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

Speakers

• Mādālasā to the king

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Non-dual vision undermining enmity
• Relational concepts as constructions
• Ethics of non-hostility (ahiṃsā in spirit)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

When identity is grounded in the one Self, the categories ‘enemy’ and ‘enemy-crusher’ lose ultimate footing. The ethical implication is the softening of hatred and the reduction of egoic conflict.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Instructional passage; not a pancalakṣaṇa segment.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Enemy’ symbolizes inner afflictions (krodha, etc.) as well as external opponents. The text prepares a move from outward antagonism to insight into the mental construction of duality.