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Shloka 12

विराटसभायां पाण्डवानां प्रवेशः — Arjuna’s Encomium of Yudhiṣṭhira in Virāṭa’s Court

ततो गजे राजनि चैव भिन्ने भग्ने विकर्णे च सपादरक्षे । गाण्डीवमुक्तिविशिखेै: प्रणुन्ना- स्‍्ते योधमुख्या: सहसापजग्मु:,इस प्रकार गजराज और कुरुराज दोनोंके घायल होने तथा गजराजके पादरक्षकोंसहित विकर्णके भाग जानेपर गाण्डीव धनुषसे छूटे हुए सायकोंकी मार खाकर पीड़ित हुए समस्त मुख्य-मुख्य योद्धा सहसा मैदान छोड़कर भाग गये

tato gaje rājani caiva bhinne bhagne vikarṇe ca sapādarākṣe | gāṇḍīvamuktiviśikhaiḥ praṇunnās te yodhamukhyāḥ sahasā pajagmuḥ ||

അതിനുശേഷം ഗജരാജനും കുരുരാജനും വ്രണിതരായി; ഗജത്തിന്റെ പാദരക്ഷകരോടുകൂടെ വികർണനും പരാജിതനായി ഓടി. ഗാണ്ഡീവത്തിൽ നിന്നു പുറപ്പെട്ട ശരങ്ങളുടെ പ്രഹാരത്തിൽ പീഡിതരായ പ്രധാന യോദ്ധാക്കൾ എല്ലാവരും പെട്ടെന്ന് रणഭൂമി വിട്ട് പാഞ്ഞോടി.

ततःthen/thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
Formindeclinable (ablatival adverb: 'from that/thereafter')
गजेin/when the elephant (king) (was ...)
गजे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगज
Formmasculine, locative singular
राजनिin/when the king
राजनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, locative singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formindeclinable
भिन्नेwounded/split
भिन्ने:
TypeAdjective
Rootभिन्न
Formmasculine, locative singular (agreeing with गजे/राजनि); past passive participle of √भिद्
भग्नेbroken/defeated
भग्ने:
TypeAdjective
Rootभग्न
Formmasculine, locative singular (agreeing with गजे/राजनि); past passive participle of √भञ्ज्
विकर्णेwhen Vikarna (was ...)
विकर्णे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविकर्ण
Formmasculine, locative singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable
सपादरक्षेtogether with (his) foot-guards
सपादरक्षे:
TypeAdjective
Rootस-पादरक्ष
Formmasculine, locative singular (agreeing with विकर्णे); 'with foot-guards/with attendants protecting the feet'
गाण्डीवमुक्तिविशिखैःby arrows released from the Gāṇḍīva (bow)
गाण्डीवमुक्तिविशिखैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगाण्डीव-मुक्ति-विशिख
Formmasculine, instrumental plural
प्रणुन्नाःdriven/harassed/struck
प्रणुन्नाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रणुन्न
Formmasculine, nominative plural; past passive participle of प्र-√नुद्
तेthey/those
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative plural
योधमुख्याःchief warriors
योधमुख्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयोध-मुख्य
Formmasculine, nominative plural
सहसाsuddenly/at once
सहसा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहसा
Formindeclinable (adverb)
अपजग्मुःwent away/fled
अपजग्मुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअप-√गम्
Formaorist (luṅ), 3rd person plural, parasmaipada

वैशम्पायन उवाच

G
Gāṇḍīva (Arjuna’s bow)
V
Vikarṇa
K
Kuru king (unnamed in this verse)
R
royal elephant (gaja)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the fragility of battlefield morale: when leadership and key supports (king, war-elephant, guards) are wounded or routed, even prominent warriors may abandon the field. Ethically, it contrasts steadfast kṣatriya resolve with the human tendency toward fear when faced with overwhelming force.

A decisive volley from the Gāṇḍīva wounds the royal elephant and the Kuru king; Vikarṇa, along with the elephant’s foot-guards, is routed. Under the pressure of Arjuna’s arrows, the leading warriors suddenly flee the battlefield.