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Shloka 13

विराटसभायां पाण्डवानां प्रवेशः — Arjuna’s Encomium of Yudhiṣṭhira in Virāṭa’s Court

दृष्टवैव पार्थेन हतं च नागं योधांश्व सर्वान्‌ द्रवतो निशम्य । रथं समावृत्य कुरुप्रवीरो रणात्‌ प्रदुद्राव यतो न पार्थ:,अर्जुनके हाथसे गजराज मारा गया और सम्पूर्ण योद्धा भी रणभूमि छोड़कर भाग रहे हैं, यह देखकर कुरुवंशका प्रमुख वीर दुर्योधन भी, जिस ओर अर्जुन नहीं थे, उसी दिशामें रथ घुमाकर भागा

dṛṣṭvaiva pārthena hataṃ ca nāgaṃ yodhāṃś ca sarvān dravato niśamya | rathaṃ samāvṛtya kurupravīro raṇāt pradudrāva yato na pārthaḥ ||

പാർത്ഥന്റെ കൈയ്യാൽ ഗജരാജൻ വധിക്കപ്പെട്ടതും, യോദ്ധാക്കൾ എല്ലാവരും ഓടിപ്പോകുന്നതും കണ്ട കുരുവംശത്തിലെ പ്രമുഖവീരൻ ദുര്യോധനൻ രഥം തിരിച്ചു, പാർത്ഥൻ ഇല്ലാത്ത ദിശയിലേക്കായി रणഭൂമിയിൽ നിന്ന് പാഞ്ഞോടി.

दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), parasmaipada (usage)
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पार्थेनby Partha (Arjuna)
पार्थेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
हतम्slain
हतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
Formक्त (past passive participle), masculine, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नागम्elephant
नागम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
योधान्warriors
योधान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयोध
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
द्रवतःfleeing/running away
द्रवतः:
TypeVerb
Rootद्रवत्
Formशतृ (present active participle), masculine, accusative, plural
निशम्यhaving heard/learning
निशम्य:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootनि-शम्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), parasmaipada (usage)
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
समावृत्यhaving turned/turned around
समावृत्य:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-वृत्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), parasmaipada (usage)
कुरुप्रवीरःthe foremost hero of the Kurus
कुरुप्रवीरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु-प्रवीर
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
रणात्from the battle
रणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
प्रदुद्रावran away/fled
प्रदुद्राव:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√द्रु (द्रव्/द्रु)
Formperfect (लिट्), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
यतःto where/whither
यतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयतस्
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पार्थःPartha (Arjuna)
पार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
P
Pārtha (Arjuna)
D
Duryodhana
K
Kuru (Kauravas)
R
ratha (chariot)
N
nāga (elephant)
R
raṇa (battlefield)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a tension within kṣatriya-dharma: valor and steadfastness are praised, yet in the face of overwhelming prowess and collapsing morale, even a leading warrior chooses flight. It illustrates how fear and strategic self-preservation can override ideals of heroic conduct, inviting reflection on the fragility of resolve in war.

After Arjuna (Pārtha) kills a great elephant and the rest of the fighters begin to flee, Duryodhana—described as the foremost Kuru hero—turns his chariot away and escapes from the battlefield, deliberately choosing a direction where Arjuna is not present.