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Shloka 323

Dvaītavana: Brahmaghoṣa, Rṣi-saṅgha, and Baka Dālbhyā’s Upadeśa to Yudhiṣṭhira

सहदेवं वने दृष्टवा कस्मात्‌ क्षमसि पार्थिव । महाराज युधिष्ठिर! माद्रीके परम सुन्दर पुत्र शूरवीर सहदेवको वनवासका दुःख भोगते देखकर आप शत्रुओंको क्षमा कैसे कर रहे हैं?

sahadevaṁ vane dṛṣṭvā kasmāt kṣamasi pārthiva | mahārāja yudhiṣṭhira mādrīke parama-sundara putra śūra-vīra sahadevako vanavāsakā duḥkha bhogate dekhakara āpa śatrūṅko kṣamā kaise kara rahe haiṅ? ||

വൈശമ്പായനൻ പറഞ്ഞു— ഹേ പാർത്ഥിവ, സഹദേവനെ വനത്തിൽ കണ്ടിട്ടും നീ എങ്ങനെ ക്ഷമിക്കുന്നു? മഹാരാജ യുദ്ധിഷ്ഠിരാ! മാദ്രിയുടെ പരമസുന്ദരനായ ശൂരപുത്രൻ സഹദേവൻ വനവാസദുഃഖം അനുഭവിക്കുന്നു; അവന്റെ ദുഃഖം കണ്ടിട്ടും നീ ശത്രുക്കളെ എങ്ങനെ ക്ഷമിക്കുന്നു?

सहदेवम्Sahadeva
सहदेवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसहदेव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वनेin the forest
वने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
कस्मात्from what (cause); why
कस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
क्षमसिyou forgive
क्षमसि:
TypeVerb
Rootक्षम्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Second, Singular
पार्थिवO king
पार्थिव:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhishthira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
S
Sahadeva
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
M
Mādrī
F
forest (vana)
E
enemies (śatru)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the ethical tension between kṣamā (forgiveness/forbearance) and the demand for justice. It challenges whether a king’s patience remains righteous when it appears to prolong the suffering of the innocent—here, Sahadeva enduring exile—thus probing how dharma balances compassion, responsibility, and rightful action.

The speaker addresses King Yudhiṣṭhira, questioning his continued forgiveness toward enemies despite witnessing Sahadeva—Mādrī’s heroic son—suffer the hardships of forest exile. The line functions as a moral provocation: why tolerate or pardon adversaries when one’s own kin is paying the price?