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Shloka 22

मधुकैटभवधोपाख्यानम्

The Account of the Slaying of Madhu and Kaiṭabha

अपि प्रत्यक्षमेवैतत्‌ तव देव शतक्रतो । अकुलानां समृद्धानां कथं कुलविपर्यय:,देव शतक्रतो! आप भी तो यह प्रत्यक्ष ही देख रहे हैं कि किस प्रकार समृद्धिशाली अकुलीन मनुष्योंके कुलमें उलट-फेर हो जाता है

api pratyakṣam evaitat tava deva śatakrato | akulānāṁ samṛddhānāṁ kathaṁ kulaviparyayaḥ ||

ഹേ ദേവ ശതക്രതോ! ഇത് നിനക്കും പ്രത്യക്ഷമാണ്—സമൃദ്ധരായിട്ടും അകുലീനരുടെ കുലസ്ഥിതി എങ്ങനെ മറിഞ്ഞുപോകുന്നു എന്ന്.

अपिalso; even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
प्रत्यक्षम्directly perceptible; before (one's) eyes
प्रत्यक्षम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रत्यक्ष
Formneuter, accusative, singular
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
तवof you; your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
Formgenitive, singular
देवO god; O lord
देव:
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
शतक्रतोO Śatakratu (Indra, 'of a hundred rites')
शतक्रतो:
TypeNoun
Rootशतक्रतु
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
अकुलानाम्of the low-born; of those without (good) lineage
अकुलानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअकुल
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, plural
समृद्धानाम्of the prosperous; of the wealthy
समृद्धानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसमृद्ध
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, plural
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
कुलविपर्ययःreversal/overturning of lineage (social order)
कुलविपर्ययः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुल-विपर्यय
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

बक उवाच

I
Indra (Śatakratu)

Educational Q&A

Wealth and outward success alone do not guarantee stable honor or continuity; when social standing is not rooted in established lineage and upheld by dharma, it is vulnerable to sudden reversal (kulaviparyaya).

Bak addresses Indra (Śatakratu), appealing to what Indra can ‘see directly’: the observable fact that prosperous people lacking established lineage can experience an abrupt overturning of their family-status and reputation.