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Shloka 42

Arjuna meets the Lokapālas, is tested by Indra, and is led to Amarāvatī for astra-śikṣā

Indraloka-gamana

विभजन्‌ सर्वभूतानामायु: कर्म च भारत । अहोरात्र॑ कला: काष्ठा: सृजत्येष सदा विभु:,'युधिष्ठिर! यह सूर्यदेवकी निरन्तर चलनेवाली गति है। सूर्य कभी एक क्षणके लिये भी रुकते नहीं हैं। वे सम्पूर्ण भूतोंके रसमय तेजको ग्रहण करके पुनः उसे वर्षाकालमें बरसा देते हैं। भारत! ये भगवान्‌ सविता सम्पूर्ण भूतोंकी आयु और कर्मका विभाग करते हुए दिन-रात, कला-काष्ठा आदि समयकी निरन्तर सृष्टि करते रहते हैं!

vibhajan sarvabhūtānām āyuḥ karma ca bhārata | ahorātraṃ kalāḥ kāṣṭhāḥ sṛjaty eṣa sadā vibhuḥ ||

ഹേ ഭാരതാ! ഈ വിഭുവായ സൂര്യൻ സകലഭൂതങ്ങളുടെയും ആയുസ്സും കർമ്മഫലവും വിഭജിച്ചുകൊണ്ട്, കാലപ്രവാഹത്തെ സദാ സൃഷ്ടിച്ചുകൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്നു—പകലും രാത്രിയും, കൂടാതെ കലാ, കാഷ്ഠാ തുടങ്ങിയ സൂക്ഷ്മവിഭാഗങ്ങളോടുകൂടി—ലോകക്രമത്തെ ധാരണം ചെയ്യുന്നു.

विभजन्dividing, apportioning
विभजन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootविभज्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वभूतानाम्of all beings
सर्वभूतानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
आयुःlifespan
आयुः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआयुस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कर्मaction, deed (destined work)
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भारतO Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अहोरात्रम्day-and-night (the nychthemeron)
अहोरात्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअहोरात्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कलाःparts (time-divisions), kalās
कलाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकला
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
काष्ठाःtime-units (kāṣṭhās)
काष्ठाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाष्ठा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
सृजतिcreates, produces
सृजति:
TypeVerb
Rootसृज्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
एषःthis (one)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
विभुःthe mighty one, the all-powerful
विभुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविभु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
B
Bhārata (Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
S
Sūrya/Savitṛ (the Sun, implied by context)
A
Ahorātra (day-night cycle)
K
Kalā (time-unit)
K
Kāṣṭhā (time-unit)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents time as a divinely sustained order: the Sun, as a cosmic regulator, continually generates the measures of time and thereby ‘distributes’ beings’ lifespan and karmic outcomes—emphasizing that ethical causality (karma) unfolds within an ordered, ceaseless temporal flow.

Vaiśampāyana is explaining to Yudhiṣṭhira the Sun’s unbroken motion and cosmic function: by producing day and night and finer time-divisions (kalā, kāṣṭhā), the Sun maintains the world’s rhythm in which beings live out their allotted life and experience the results of their actions.