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Shloka 22

Dyūta-doṣa-prakāśana — Kṛṣṇa’s Critique of Gambling and the Exile Crisis

एतत्‌ कार्य महाबाहो येनाहं नागमं तदा । श्रुत्वैव हास्तिनपुरं द्यूतं चाविनयोत्थितम्‌ । ट्रुतमागतवान्‌ युष्मान्‌ द्रष्टकाम: सुदु:ःखितान्‌,महाबाहो! यही कार्य उपस्थित हो गया था, जिससे मैं उस समय न आ सका। लौटनेपर ज्यों ही सुना कि हस्तिनापुरमें दुर्योधनकी उद्दण्डताके कारण जूआ खेला गया (और पाण्डव उसमें सब कुछ हारकर वनको चले गये); तब अत्यन्त दुःखमें पड़े हुए आपलोगोंको देखनेके लिये मैं तुरंत यहाँ चला आया

etat kāryaṃ mahābāho yenāhaṃ nāgamaṃ tadā | śrutvaiva hāstinapuraṃ dyūtaṃ cāvinayotthitam | tvaritam āgatavān yuṣmān draṣṭukāmaḥ suduḥkhitān ||

മഹാബാഹോ! അന്ന് ഞാൻ വരാനാകാതിരുന്നതിന് കാരണം ആ അടിയന്തരകാര്യമായിരുന്നു. എന്നാൽ ഹസ്തിനപുരത്തിൽ അഹങ്കാരത്തിൽ നിന്നുയർന്ന ദ്യൂതക്രീഡ നടന്നുവെന്ന വാർത്ത കേട്ടയുടൻ, അതിഗാഢ ദുഃഖത്തിൽ മുങ്ങിയ നിങ്ങളെ കാണുവാൻ ആഗ്രഹിച്ച് ഞാൻ ഉടൻ ഇവിടെ എത്തി.

एतत्this (thing)
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कार्यम्task, matter to be done
कार्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
महाबाहोO mighty-armed one
महाबाहो:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाबाहु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
येनby which, because of which
येन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
FormNominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अगमम्I went / I came
अगमम्:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
तदाthen, at that time
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage)
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
हास्तिनपुरम्Hastinapura
हास्तिनपुरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहास्तिनपुर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
द्यूतम्dice-game, gambling
द्यूतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्यूत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अविनय-उत्थितम्arisen from misconduct/insolence
अविनय-उत्थितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअविनयोत्थित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तुरितम्quickly, at once
तुरितम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतुरित
आगतवान्having come, came
आगतवान्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-गम्
Formक्तवत् (past active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
युष्मान्you (all)
युष्मान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormAccusative, Plural
द्रष्टुकामःwishing to see
द्रष्टुकामः:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्रष्टुकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सुदुःखितान्very sorrowful
सुदुःखितान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदुःखित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
महाबाहोO mighty-armed one
महाबाहो:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाबाहु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

श्रीकृष्ण उवाच

Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa
P
Pāṇḍavas (addressed as 'yuṣmān')
H
Hāstinapura
D
dyūta (dice-game)
D
Duryodhana (implied by 'avinaya', and explicit in the Hindi gloss)

Educational Q&A

That adharma often begins with avinaya (arrogant lack of restraint) and manifests in unethical acts like gambling; such actions bring widespread suffering, and a dharmic ally feels obligated to respond swiftly when injustice is heard.

Kṛṣṇa explains why he could not come earlier; upon hearing that a dice-game in Hāstinapura—driven by insolence—had led to the Pāṇḍavas’ ruin and sorrow, he hurried to meet them in their distressed state.