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Shloka 48

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 71 — Kṣatra-dharma Counsel, Public Legitimacy, and Mobilization

क्षत्रिय: क्षत्रियं हन्ति मत्स्यो मत्स्येन जीवति । थवा श्वानं हन्ति दाशार्ह पश्य धर्मो यथागत:,क्षत्रिय क्षत्रियको मारता है, मछली मछलीको खाकर जीती है और कुत्ता कुत्तेको काटता है। दशा्हनन्दन! देखिये; यही परम्परासे चला आनेवाला धर्म है

kṣatriyaḥ kṣatriyaṃ hanti matsyo matsyena jīvati | athavā śvānaṃ hanti dāśārha paśya dharmo yathāgataḥ ||

യുധിഷ്ഠിരൻ പറഞ്ഞു— ക്ഷത്രിയൻ ക്ഷത്രിയനെ വധിക്കുന്നു; മത്സ്യം മറ്റൊരു മത്സ്യത്തെ തിന്ന് ജീവിക്കുന്നു; നായ നായയെ കടിക്കുന്നു. ഹേ ദാശാർഹ! നോക്കുക—ഇതുതന്നെ ലോകത്തിൽ പരമ്പരാഗതമായി വന്ന ധർമ്മമാണ്.

क्षत्रियःa kshatriya (warrior)
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियम्a kshatriya
क्षत्रियम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हन्तिkills / strikes
हन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
मत्स्यःa fish
मत्स्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मत्स्येनby/with a fish (i.e., by eating fish)
मत्स्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
जीवतिlives / survives
जीवति:
TypeVerb
Rootजीव्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अथand then / moreover
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
श्वानम्a dog
श्वानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्वन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हन्तिkills / strikes
हन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
दाशार्हO Dāśārha (descendant of Daśārha)
दाशार्ह:
TypeNoun
Rootदाशार्ह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पश्यsee / behold
पश्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपश्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
धर्मःdharma / law / established practice
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यथाas / in the manner that
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
आगतःcome down / handed down / arrived
आगतः:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-गम्
FormPast active participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
Dāśārha (Kṛṣṇa)
K
kṣatriya
F
fish
D
dog

Educational Q&A

The verse frames violence among equals (kṣatriya vs. kṣatriya) as a socially inherited norm, illustrated through natural analogies (fish and dogs). It highlights a descriptive, tradition-based view of dharma—what is commonly practiced and accepted—rather than an idealized, nonviolent ethic.

In Udyoga Parva’s pre-war deliberations, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Kṛṣṇa (Dāśārha), reflecting on the harsh realities of worldly conduct and warrior duty. He points to customary patterns of conflict to contextualize the impending confrontation and the inherited code governing kṣatriyas.