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Shloka 47

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 71 — Kṣatra-dharma Counsel, Public Legitimacy, and Mobilization

शूद्र: करोति शुश्रूषां वैश्या वै पण्यजीविका: । वयं वधेन जीवाम: कपाल ब्राह्मुणैर्व॒तम्‌,शूद्र सेवाका कार्य करता है, वैश्य व्यापारसे जीविका चलाते हैं, हम क्षत्रिय युद्धमें दूसरोंका वध करके जीवन-निर्वाह करते हैं और ब्राह्मणोंने अपनी जीविकाके लिये भिक्षापात्र चुन लिया है

śūdraḥ karoti śuśrūṣāṃ vaiśyā vai paṇyajīvikāḥ | vayaṃ vadhena jīvāmaḥ kapālaṃ brāhmaṇair vratam ||

യുധിഷ്ഠിരൻ പറഞ്ഞു— ശൂദ്രൻ സേവയാൽ ജീവിക്കുന്നു; വൈശ്യൻ വ്യാപാരത്താൽ. ഞങ്ങൾ ക്ഷത്രിയർ യുദ്ധത്തിൽ മറ്റുള്ളവരെ വധിച്ച് ഉപജീവനം നടത്തുന്നു; ബ്രാഹ്മണർ ഭിക്ഷാപാത്രത്തെ വ്രതമായി സ്വീകരിച്ച് ജീവികയാക്കുന്നു.

शूद्रःa Shudra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
करोतिdoes; performs
करोति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
शुश्रूषाम्service; attendance
शुश्रूषाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशुश्रूषा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वैश्याःVaishyas (merchant class)
वैश्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वैindeed; surely
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
पण्यजीविकाःthose whose livelihood is trade
पण्यजीविकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपण्यजीविका
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
वयम्we
वयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Plural
वधेनby killing; through slaying
वधेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
जीवामःwe live; we make a living
जीवामः:
TypeVerb
Rootजीव्
FormPresent, 1st, Plural, Parasmaipada
कपालम्a bowl; (begging) vessel
कपालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकपाल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ब्राह्मणैःby Brahmins
ब्राह्मणैः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
वृतम्chosen; adopted
वृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवृ (वरणे)
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Accusative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
Ś
Śūdra
V
Vaiśya
K
Kṣatriya
B
Brāhmaṇa
K
kapāla (begging-bowl)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames livelihood as aligned with varṇa-based duties: service for Śūdras, commerce for Vaiśyas, protection/war for Kṣatriyas (even when it entails killing), and austere dependence (begging-bowl) for Brāhmaṇas. It highlights how dharma is often discussed in terms of socially assigned responsibilities and disciplined restraint.

In Udyoga Parva’s pre-war deliberations, Yudhiṣṭhira reflects on the customary means of livelihood for the four varṇas. His statement underscores the moral tension of impending conflict by explicitly naming the Kṣatriya’s harsh vocation—living by battle and killing—alongside the contrasting austerity attributed to Brāhmaṇas.