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Shloka 53

Chapter 23: Śakuni Reports, Kaurava Advance, and Arjuna’s Penetration of the Host

मल्ला इव समासाद्य निजषघ्नुरितरेतरम्‌ । अश्वैश्व व्यपकृष्यन्त बहवो5त्र गतासव:,बहुत-से सैनिक पहलवानोंकी भाँति परस्पर भिड़कर एक-दूसरेपर चोट करते थे। कितने ही प्राणशून्य होकर अश्रोंद्वारा इधर-उधर घसीटे जा रहे थे

sañjaya uvāca |

mallā iva samāsādya nijaśaghnur itaretaram |

aśvaiś ca vyapakṛṣyanta bahavo 'tra gatāsavaḥ ||

സഞ്ജയൻ പറഞ്ഞു—മല്ലന്മാരെപ്പോലെ അടുത്തുചേർന്ന് അവർ പരസ്പരം അടിച്ചു വീഴ്ത്തുകയായിരുന്നു. അവിടെ അനേകർ ജീവൻ വിട്ടവരായി, കുതിരകളാൽ ഇങ്ങോട്ടും അങ്ങോട്ടും വലിച്ചിഴയ്ക്കപ്പെടുകയായിരുന്നു.

मल्लाःwrestlers
मल्लाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमल्ल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
समासाद्यhaving approached/closed in on
समासाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√सद्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
निघ्नुःthey strike/kill
निघ्नुः:
TypeVerb
Root√हन् (घ्ना-आदेशः)
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
इतरेतरम्one another (each other)
इतरेतरम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइतरेतर
FormMasculine/Neuter (contextual), Accusative, Singular (collective)
अश्वैःby horses
अश्वैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
व्यपकृष्यन्तेare dragged/pulled away
व्यपकृष्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-अप-√कृष्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada, Passive (sense)
बहवःmany
बहवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अत्रhere/in this place
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
गतासवःlifeless (whose life has gone)
गतासवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगत-आसु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
H
horses
W
wrestlers (as a simile)
S
soldiers/warriors (implied)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the dehumanizing force of war: when combat becomes mutual, close-quarters slaughter, even the dead are treated as objects moved by the machinery of battle. It invites ethical reflection on how unchecked fury and rivalry eclipse compassion and dignity.

Sañjaya describes intense melee fighting where warriors clash like wrestlers and strike each other down. Many have already died, and their bodies are being dragged about by horses amid the chaos of the battlefield.