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Shloka 52

Chapter 23: Śakuni Reports, Kaurava Advance, and Arjuna’s Penetration of the Host

केशाकेशि समालग्ना न शेकुश्रैष्टितुं नरा: । अन्योन्यमश्चपृष्ठे भ्यो विकर्षन्तो महाबला:,बहुत-से मनुष्य परस्पर केश पकड़कर इतने सट गये थे कि कोई चेष्टा नहीं कर पाते थे। कितने ही महाबली योद्धा एक-दूसरेको घोड़ोंकी पीठोंसे खींच रहे थे

keśākeśi samālagnā na śekuḥ ceṣṭituṁ narāḥ | anyonyam aśvapṛṣṭhebhyo vikarṣantaḥ mahābalāḥ ||

സഞ്ജയൻ പറഞ്ഞു—പലരും പരസ്പരം മുടി പിടിച്ച് അങ്ങനെ ചേർന്നു കുടുങ്ങി; നീങ്ങാൻ പോലും കഴിയാതെപോയി. പിന്നെ അനേകം മഹാബലികൾ തമ്മിൽ പിടിമുറുക്കി, എതിരാളികളെ കുതിരകളുടെ പുറത്ത് നിന്ന് വലിച്ചിറക്കുന്നതായി കണ്ടു.

केशाकेशिin hair-to-hair (grappling by hair)
केशाकेशि:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootकेश + केशिन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
समालग्नाःclinging together, closely engaged
समालग्नाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-आ-लग्न (√लग्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शेकुःwere able
शेकुः:
TypeVerb
Root√शक्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
चेष्टितुम्to move/act, to make an effort
चेष्टितुम्:
TypeVerb
Root√चेष्ट्
FormInfinitive (Tumun)
नराःmen, warriors
नराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अन्योन्यम्each other (mutually)
अन्योन्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्योन्य
अश्वपृष्ठेभ्यःfrom the horses' backs
अश्वपृष्ठेभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व + पृष्ठ
FormNeuter, Ablative, Plural
विकर्षन्तःdragging, pulling away
विकर्षन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि-√कृष्
FormPresent active participle (Śatṛ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
महाबलाःvery strong, mighty
महाबलाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहा + बल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
M
men/warriors (narāḥ)
H
horses (aśva)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how war can degrade into uncontrolled, bodily violence where self-mastery and restraint collapse; it implicitly warns that even valor can be swallowed by rage and confusion when dharma is obscured by the frenzy of battle.

Sañjaya describes intense hand-to-hand fighting: warriors seize each other by the hair, becoming so entangled they cannot move, while powerful fighters pull opponents down from horseback, indicating a chaotic melee rather than orderly chariot warfare.