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Shloka 8

कर्णवधप्रसङ्गः / The Context of Karṇa’s Fall

Krishna’s Dharmic Recollection and the Decisive Astra

नैवाददानं न च संदधानं जानीमहे कतरेणास्यतीति । वामेन वा यदि वा दक्षिणेन स द्रोणपुत्र: समरे पर्यवर्तत्‌,द्रोणपुत्र अश्वत्थामा समरभूमिमें चारों ओर चक्कर लगाने लगा। वह कब बाण लेता, कब उसे धनुषपर रखता और कब किस हाथसे बायें अथवा दायेंसे छोड़ता था, यह हमलोग नहीं जान पाते थे

naivādādānaṁ na ca sandadhānaṁ jānīmahe katarēṇāsyatīti | vāmena vā yadi vā dakṣiṇena sa droṇaputraḥ samare paryavartat ||

അർജുനൻ പറഞ്ഞു—അവൻ എപ്പോൾ അമ്പെടുക്കുന്നു, എപ്പോൾ അത് നാണിൽ ചേർക്കുന്നു, എപ്പോൾ ഇടത്തുനിന്നോ വലത്തുനിന്നോ വിടുന്നു—ഇതൊന്നും ഞങ്ങൾക്കു തിരിച്ചറിയാനായില്ല. ഇങ്ങനെ ദ്രോണപുത്രൻ അശ്വത്ഥാമൻ സമരഭൂമിയിൽ ചുറ്റും ചക്രംവെച്ച് നീങ്ങി; അവന്റെ അതിവേഗവും അശ്രാന്തവുമായ ധനുർവിദ്യ ഞങ്ങളുടെ കാഴ്ചയെയും കുഴക്കിയിരുന്നു.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
आददानम्taking (up)
आददानम्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + दा
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
nor/not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संदधानम्placing/setting (on the bow), fitting
संदधानम्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + धा
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
जानीमहेwe know
जानीमहे:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formलट् (present), आत्मनेपद, First, Plural
कतरेणby which (of the two)
कतरेण:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकतर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
अस्यof him/this one's
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (एतद्)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अतीतिhe goes/lets fly
अतीति:
TypeVerb
Rootअति + इ (एति)
Formलट् (present), परस्मैपद, Third, Singular
वामेनwith the left (hand/side)
वामेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootवाम
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
यदिif/whether
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
दक्षिणेनwith the right (hand/side)
दक्षिणेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootदक्षिण
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्रोणपुत्रःDrona's son (Ashvatthaman)
द्रोणपुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण-पुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समरेin battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पर्यवर्तत्moved around/kept circling
पर्यवर्तत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + वृत्
Formलङ् (imperfect/past), परस्मैपद, Third, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
D
Droṇaputra (Aśvatthāmā)
B
battlefield (samara)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how extraordinary martial skill can overwhelm ordinary perception in war, reminding the listener that battlefield outcomes are shaped not only by strength but by speed, technique, and the fog of combat—factors that complicate clear judgment and ethical decision-making in the moment.

Arjuna describes Aśvatthāmā’s rapid movements and shooting: he circles the battlefield so swiftly that Arjuna’s side cannot tell when he takes an arrow, sets it to the bow, or whether he releases it from the left or right—emphasizing Aśvatthāmā’s formidable presence in the fight.