Shloka 60

Varṣa-Parvata-Nivāsinām Varnanam

Description of Regions, Mountains, and Their Inhabitants

Devanagari script

कौकुट्टकास्तथा चोला: कोड्कणा मालवा नरा: | समझ: करकाश्वैव कुकुराड्भारमारिषा:

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | kaukuṭṭakās tathā colāḥ koṅkaṇā mālavā narāḥ | samaṅgāḥ karakāś caiva kukurāṅgāra-māriṣāḥ ||

Translation

സഞ്ജയൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ദക്ഷിണദിക്കിലെ ജനപദങ്ങളിൽ കൗകുട്ടകർ, ചോളർ, കൊങ്കണർ, മാലവർ, നരർ, സമംഗർ, കരകർ; അതുപോലെ കുകുരർ, അങ്കാരർ, മാരിഷരും ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു.

Word by Word

• कौकुट्टकाः: the Kaukuttakas (a people/tribe)
• कौकुट्टकाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौकुट्टक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तथा: and, likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• चोलाः: the Cholas
• चोलाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: चोल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• कोङ्कणाः: the Konkanas
• कोङ्कणाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोङ्कण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• मालवाः: the Malavas
• मालवाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मालव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• नराः: men/people
• नराः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• समङ्गाः: the Samangas (a people/tribe)
• समङ्गाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: समङ्ग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• करकाः: the Karakas (a people/tribe)
• करकाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: करक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• कुकुराः: the Kukuras (a people/tribe)
• कुकुराः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुकुर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• अङ्गाराः: the Angaras (a people/tribe)
• अङ्गाराः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अङ्गार
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• मारिषाः: the Marishas (a people/tribe)
• मारिषाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मारिष
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Kaukuṭṭakas
• Colas (Cholas)
• Koṅkaṇas (Konkan people)
• Mālavās (Malwa people)
• Naras
• Samaṅgas
• Karakas
• Kukuras
• Aṅgāras
• Māriṣas

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse functions as a moral-geographical reminder of scale: the Kurukṣetra war is not a private feud but a pan-regional upheaval. By naming many peoples, the epic highlights the weight of kṣatriya decisions and the far-reaching consequences of adharma and political ambition.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya continues his report to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by listing janapadas (peoples/regions), here focusing on groups associated with the southern direction, as part of a broader catalogue of those present or implicated in the great war.