Shloka 61

Varṣa-Parvata-Nivāsinām Varnanam

Description of Regions, Mountains, and Their Inhabitants

Devanagari script

ध्वजिन्युत्सवसंकेतास्त्रिगर्ता: शाल्वसेनय: । व्यूका: कोकबका: प्रोष्ठा: समवेगवशास्तथा

Transliteration

dhvajinyutsavasaṅketās trigartāḥ śālvasenayaḥ | vyūḍhāḥ kokabakāḥ proṣṭhāḥ samavegavaśās tathā ||

Translation

ധ്വജിനീ, ഉത്സവ-സങ്കേത, ത്രിഗർത്തർ, ശാൽവസേനികൾ; അതുപോലെ വ്യൂഢർ, കോകബകർ, പ്രോഷ്ഠർ, സമവേഗവശരും ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു.

Word by Word

• ध्वजिन्युत्सवसंकेताः: the Dhvajinī, Utsava, and Saṅketa (peoples/tribes)
• ध्वजिन्युत्सवसंकेताः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ध्वजिनी-उत्सव-संकेत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• त्रिगर्ताः: the Trigartas
• त्रिगर्ताः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रिगर्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• शाल्वसेनयः: the Śālva armies/forces
• शाल्वसेनयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शाल्वसेन
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• व्यूकाः: the Vyūkas (a people/tribe name)
• व्यूकाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यूक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• कोकबकाः: the Kokabakas (a people/tribe name)
• कोकबकाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोकबक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• प्रोष्ठाः: the Proṣṭhas (a people/tribe name)
• प्रोष्ठाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रोष्ठ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• समवेगवशाः: the Samavegavaśas (a people/tribe name)
• समवेगवशाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: समवेगवश
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तथा: and also/likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhvajinī
• Utsava-saṅketa
• Trigarta
• Śālva (Śālvāḥ)
• Vyūḍha/Vyūka
• Kokabaka
• Proṣṭha
• Samavegavaśa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

By enumerating many peoples and contingents, the text highlights the expansive social reach of war: decisions of rulers and warriors implicate entire communities, intensifying the moral weight of choosing dharma over adharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya is reporting to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, continuing a systematic roll-call of regions, tribes, and military groups present or aligned in the Kurukṣetra conflict, emphasizing the scale and diversity of the assembled forces.