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Shloka 14

गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow

Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode

एते5पि सदृशान्‌ वर्णान्‌ जनयन्ति स्वयोनिषु । मातृजात्या: प्रसूयन्ते हवरा हीनयोनिषु

Bhīṣma uvāca: ete 'pi sadṛśān varṇān janayanti svayoniṣu | mātṛjātyāḥ prasūyante 'varā hīna-yoniṣu ||

ഈ വർണസങ്കരരും തങ്ങളുടെ തന്നെ ജാതിയിലെ സ്ത്രീയുമായി സംഗമിക്കുമ്പോൾ തങ്ങളോടു സമാനമായ വർണം ഉള്ള സന്തതിയെ ജനിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. എന്നാൽ തങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ഹീനജന്മമുള്ള സ്ത്രീയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെടുമ്പോൾ ഹീനസന്തതി ഉത്ഭവിക്കുന്നു; അത്തരം മക്കൾ മാതൃജാതി പ്രകാരമാണ് കണക്കാക്കപ്പെടുന്നത്.

एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
सदृशान्similar
सदृशान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसदृश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वर्णान्classes/castes
वर्णान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
जनयन्तिbeget/produce
जनयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (जनयति)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
स्वयोनिषुin their own wombs/within their own kind
स्वयोनिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्व-योनि
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
मातृजात्याःfrom the mother's caste/lineage
मातृजात्याः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ-जाति
FormFeminine, Ablative, Singular
प्रसूयन्तेare born/are produced
प्रसूयन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootसू (प्रसूयते)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
हवराHavaras (a mixed/low group; reading uncertain)
हवरा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहवरा
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हीनयोनिषुin inferior wombs/among lower births
हीनयोनिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootहीन-योनि
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a dharma-śāstra style claim: unions within one’s own varṇa are said to yield offspring of the same status, while unions with lower-born women are said to produce ‘inferior’ offspring, whose social identity is counted by the mother’s lineage.

Bhishma is instructing (as a dharma-teacher figure in Anuśāsana Parva) on norms of marriage, lineage, and social classification, explaining how different kinds of unions are traditionally believed to affect the status of children.