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Shloka 38

वृद्धानां भारतप्तानां स्त्रीणां चक्रधरस्य च । ब्राह्मणानां गवां राज्ञां पन्थानं ददते च ये

vṛddhānāṃ bhārataptānāṃ strīṇāṃ cakradharasya ca | brāhmaṇānāṃ gavāṃ rājñāṃ panthānaṃ dadate ca ye ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—വൃദ്ധർക്കും, ഭാരമേറ്റു ക്ഷീണിച്ചവർക്കും, സ്ത്രീകൾക്കും, ചക്രധാരിക്ക് (രഥം/വണ്ടി ഓടിക്കുന്നവന്), അതുപോലെ ബ്രാഹ്മണർക്കും, പശുക്കൾക്കും, രാജാവിനും വഴിയൊരുക്കുന്നവർ വിനീത സത്പുരുഷരായി കണക്കാക്കപ്പെടുന്നു; ലോകാചാരവും ധർമ്മം തന്നെയാണ്.

वृद्धानाम्of the elderly
वृद्धानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
भार-तप्तानाम्of those afflicted by burden
भार-तप्तानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootभारतप्त
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
स्त्रीणाम्of women
स्त्रीणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
चक्रधरस्यof the discus-bearer (Vishnu/king)
चक्रधरस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootचक्रधर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ब्राह्मणानाम्of Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
गवाम्of cows
गवाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
राज्ञाम्of kings
राज्ञाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
पन्थानम्path, way
पन्थानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपथिन्/पन्थान्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ददतेthey give (yield)
ददते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदा (ददाति)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
येwho
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
E
elders (vṛddha)
B
burdened persons (bhāratapta)
W
women (strī)
W
wheel-bearer / cart-driver (cakradhara)
B
Brahmins (brāhmaṇa)
C
cows (go)
K
kings (rājan)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is shown through everyday conduct: one should yield the path and show deference to elders, the burdened, women, Brahmins, cows, and rulers. Courtesy and protection of the vulnerable and revered are treated as marks of a sādhū (virtuous person).

In the Anushasana Parva’s instruction on righteous behavior, Bhishma enumerates practical signs of good character. Here he lists categories of people (and sacred/socially honored beings) to whom one should give way on the road, presenting civic respect as a component of dharma.