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Shloka 40

स पञ्चाधा पञ्चजनोपपन्नं संचोदयन्‌ विश्वमिदं सिसुक्षु: । ततश्चलकारावनिमारुतौ च खं ज्योतिरम्भश्ष॒ तथैव पार्थ

sa pañcadhā pañcajanopapannaṃ saṃcodayan viśvam idaṃ sisukṣuḥ | tataś calakārāvanimārutau ca khaṃ jyotir ambhaś ca tathaiva pārtha kuntīkumarāḥ |

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—കുന്തീപുത്രാ! അഞ്ചുവിധ ജീവസമൂഹങ്ങളോടുകൂടിയ ഈ വിശ്വം സൃഷ്ടിക്കുവാൻ ആഗ്രഹിച്ച പരമപ്രേരകൻ പഞ്ചവിധമായി ലോകത്തെ പ്രേരിപ്പിച്ച് എല്ലാം തന്റെ അധീനത്തിൽ നിർത്തുന്നു. തുടർന്ന് അവൻ ക്രമമായി ഭൂമി, ജലം, തേജസ് (അഗ്നി/പ്രകാശം), വായു, ആകാശം എന്നീ പഞ്ചമഹാഭൂതങ്ങളെ സൃഷ്ടിച്ചു.

सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पञ्चधाin five ways / fivefold
पञ्चधा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपञ्चधा
पञ्चजनोपपन्नम्endowed with the five classes of beings
पञ्चजनोपपन्नम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चजन-उपपन्न
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
संचोदयन्impelling / setting in motion
संचोदयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+चुद्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
विश्वम्all / entire
विश्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविश्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सिसृक्षुःdesiring to create
सिसृक्षुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसृज्
Formउ (desiderative participle, 'wish to do'), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
ततःthen / thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
चकारmade / created
चकार:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अवनिearth
अवनि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअवनि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
मारुतौthe two winds / (wind and) air (dual form)
मारुतौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमारुत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
खम्space / sky
खम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Root
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ज्योतिःlight / fire
ज्योतिः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अम्भःwater
अम्भः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअम्भस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाthus / likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पार्थO Partha (Arjuna)
पार्थ:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कुन्तीकुमारO son of Kunti
कुन्तीकुमार:
TypeNoun
Rootकुन्ती-कुमार
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
P
Partha (Arjuna)
K
Kunti-kumaras (Pandavas)
D
Devas
A
Asuras
M
Manushyas (humans)
P
Pitrs (ancestors)
T
Tiryaks (animals)
P
Prithvi (earth)
A
Ap/Ambhas (water)
T
Tejas/Jyotis (fire/light)
V
Vayu/Marut (wind)
A
Akasha/Kha (space/ether)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the universe and its diverse orders of beings arise from a single governing principle that impels and sustains creation. The five great elements are produced in an ordered sequence, implying a cosmos structured by law and purpose—an ethical-metaphysical backdrop for dharma.

Bhishma, instructing the Pandavas (addressing Arjuna as Partha), explains a doctrine of creation: the Supreme creator, intending to manifest the world, brings forth the five elements and thereby supports the five classes of beings (gods, asuras, humans, ancestors, and animals).