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Shloka 18

क्षत्रियेष्वाश्रितो धर्म: प्रजानां परिपालनम्‌ । क्षत्राद्‌ वृत्तित्राह्मिणानां तै: कथं ब्राह्मणो वर:

arjuna uvāca | kṣatriyeṣv āśrito dharmaḥ prajānāṁ paripālanam | kṣatrād vṛttir brāhmaṇānāṁ taiḥ kathaṁ brāhmaṇo varaḥ |

അർജുനൻ പറഞ്ഞു—പ്രജകളെ പരിപാലിക്കുകയും സംരക്ഷിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുന്ന ധർമ്മം ക്ഷത്രിയരിലാണ് ആശ്രിതം. ക്ഷത്രിയരിൽ നിന്നുതന്നെ ബ്രാഹ്മണർക്കു ഉപജീവനം ലഭിക്കുന്നു. അങ്ങനെ ഇരിക്കെ ബ്രാഹ്മണൻ ക്ഷത്രിയനേക്കാൾ ശ്രേഷ്ഠൻ എങ്ങനെ ആകും?

क्षत्रियेषुamong/in the Kshatriyas
क्षत्रियेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
आश्रितःdependent (resting) upon
आश्रितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआश्रि (धातु) / आश्रित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma; duty
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजानाम्of the subjects/people
प्रजानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
परिपालनम्protection; governance; maintenance
परिपालनम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपरि + पाल (धातु) / परिपालन (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रात्from the Kshatra (royal power/Kshatriya order)
क्षत्रात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्र
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
वृत्तिःlivelihood; means of subsistence
वृत्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणानाम्of the Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
तैःby them; through them (i.e., by the Kshatriyas)
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वरःsuperior; excellent
वरः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
K
Kshatriya
B
Brahmana
P
Praja (subjects/people)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-based challenge: Arjuna argues from social function and dependence—since governance and protection (prajā-paripālana) are borne by Kshatriyas and Brahmanas often receive maintenance through the king’s support, he questions on what basis Brahmanas are called ‘superior’. It sets up a discussion on whether superiority is grounded in power and provision or in spiritual/ethical authority.

Arjuna is speaking in a dialogic context within the Anushasana Parva, raising a pointed doubt about varna hierarchy. He highlights the Kshatriya’s public duty of protecting the people and notes the Brahmana’s material dependence on royal support, using this to question the commonly asserted preeminence of Brahmanas.