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Shloka 43

Gautama–Śakra Saṃvāda: Karma, Loka-bheda, and the Restoration of the Elephant

धृतराष्ट उवाच यो गोसहस्री शतद: समां समां गवां शती दश दद्याच्च शक्‍त्या । तथा दशभ्यो यश्न दद्यादिहैकां पज्चभ्यो वा दानशीलस्तथैकाम्‌

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | yo gosaḥasrī śatadaḥ samāṃ samāṃ gavāṃ śatī daśa dadyāc ca śaktyā | tathā daśabhyo yaś ca dadyād ihaikāṃ pañcabhyo vā dānaśīlas tathaikām |

ധൃതരാഷ്ട്രൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ആയിരം പശുക്കളുടെ ഉടമയായി വർഷംതോറും നൂറ് പശുക്കൾ ദാനം ചെയ്യുന്നവൻ; നൂറിന്റെ ഉടമയായി കഴിവനുസരിച്ച് പത്ത് ദാനം ചെയ്യുന്നവൻ; പത്ത് മാത്രമുണ്ടായാലും അതിൽ നിന്ന് ഒന്ന് ദാനം ചെയ്യുന്നവൻ—അഥവാ അഞ്ചിൽ നിന്ന് ഒന്ന് ദാനം ചെയ്യുന്ന ദാനശീലൻ—അവൻ ഗവാംലോകം (ഗോലോകം) പ്രാപിക്കുന്നു.

धृतराष्ट्रःDhṛtarāṣṭra
धृतराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृतराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गोसहस्रीpossessing a thousand cows
गोसहस्री:
TypeAdjective
Rootगोसहस्रिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शतदःgiver of a hundred
शतदः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशतद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समाम्year (as a time-span)
समाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
समाम्year (each year)
समाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गवाम्of cows
गवाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
शतीhaving a hundred (cows)
शती:
TypeAdjective
Rootशतिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दशten
दश:
Karma
TypeNumeral
Rootदशन्
FormAccusative, Plural, Feminine (agreeing with गाः understood)
दद्यात्should give
दद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शक्त्याaccording to ability / with capacity
शक्त्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशक्ति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
दशभ्यःfrom (among) ten
दशभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNumeral
Rootदशन्
FormAblative, Plural, Feminine (agreeing with गाः understood)
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दद्यात्should give
दद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
इहhere (in this world)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
एकाम्one (cow)
एकाम्:
Karma
TypeNumeral/Adjective
Rootएका
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पञ्चभ्यःfrom (among) five
पञ्चभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNumeral
Rootपञ्चन्
FormAblative, Plural, Feminine (agreeing with गाः understood)
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
दानशीलःgenerous / of giving nature
दानशीलः:
TypeAdjective
Rootदानशील
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एकाम्one (cow)
एकाम्:
Karma
TypeNumeral/Adjective
Rootएका
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

धृतराष्ट उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
C
cows (go/gavām)
G
Goloka (implied by context of the verse and the cited passage)

Educational Q&A

Charity is measured by proportion and sincerity, not sheer wealth: giving according to one’s capacity—whether from a thousand, a hundred, ten, or five—earns religious merit and leads to a blessed posthumous state associated with cows (Goloka).

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction-focused discourse, Dhṛtarāṣṭra speaks about the merit of gifting cows, specifying graded examples of donors at different levels of wealth and affirming the spiritual reward for such giving.