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Kurma Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 18

Sapta-dvīpa Cosmography and the Vision of Śvetadvīpa–Vaikuṇṭha

कपिला ब्राह्मणाः प्रोक्ता राजानश्चारुणास्तथा / पीता वैश्याः स्मृताः कृष्णा द्वीपे ऽस्मिन् वृषला द्विजाः

kapilā brāhmaṇāḥ proktā rājānaścāruṇāstathā / pītā vaiśyāḥ smṛtāḥ kṛṣṇā dvīpe 'smin vṛṣalā dvijāḥ

ഈ ദ്വീപിൽ ബ്രാഹ്മണർ കപിലവർണ്ണരെന്നു പറയപ്പെടുന്നു; രാജാക്കന്മാരും അതുപോലെ ശോഭാവർണ്ണർ. വൈശ്യർ പീതവർണ്ണരെന്നു സ്മരിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു; ശൂദ്രർ കൃഷ്ണവർണ്ണർ. ഇവിടെ ദ്വിജന്മാരും ആചാരഭ്രംശം മൂലം ‘വൃഷല’രായി കണക്കാക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.

कपिलाःtawny/kapila-colored
कपिलाः:
Visheshana (विशेषण/qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootकपिल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (ब्राह्मणाः)
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
प्रोक्ताःare declared
प्रोक्ताः:
Kriya (क्रिया/participial predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; 'are declared/called'
राजानःkings
राजानः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (and)
अरुणाःreddish
अरुणाः:
Visheshana (विशेषण/qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootअरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (राजानः)
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक अव्यय (thus/so)
पीताःyellow
पीताः:
Visheshana (विशेषण/qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootपीत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (वैश्याः)
वैश्याःVaiśyas
वैश्याः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
स्मृताःare regarded
स्मृताः:
Kriya (क्रिया/participial predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; 'are considered/remembered'
कृष्णाःblack/dark
कृष्णाः:
Visheshana (विशेषण/qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (द्विजाः/वृषलाः)
द्वीपेin the island/continent
द्वीपे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/location)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वीप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/location)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
वृषलाःŚūdras/outcastes (vṛṣalas)
वृषलाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootवृषल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
द्विजाःtwice-born (people)
द्विजाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

Sūta (narrator) recounting the Purāṇic cosmography to the sages (contextual narrative voice of the Kurma Purana)

Primary Rasa: raudra

Secondary Rasa: karuna

B
Brahmana
K
Kshatriya (Rajan)
V
Vaishya
S
Shudra (implied by vṛṣala usage)

FAQs

This verse is primarily cosmographic and socio-ethical, describing varna-identities and conduct in a particular dvīpa; it does not directly teach Ātman-doctrine, but it implies that dharma (right conduct) is the standard by which spiritual status is judged rather than birth alone.

No specific yogic technique is taught in this verse; its practical takeaway aligns with Kurma Purana’s broader dharma-yoga framework: purification of conduct (ācāra-śuddhi) is prerequisite to higher disciplines like japa, vrata, and meditative yoga described elsewhere (including themes associated with Pāśupata-oriented practice).

It does not explicitly mention Śiva or Viṣṇu; however, within the Kurma Purana’s Shaiva-Vaishnava synthesis, such dharma-oriented classifications are framed as part of a single divine order (īśvara-śāsana) upheld by the Supreme, whether spoken through Kurma (Viṣṇu) or aligned with Śaiva ethical ideals.