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Shloka 52

Viśvarūpa’s Death, Vṛtrāsura’s Manifestation, and the Devas’ Surrender to Nārāyaṇa

स वा अधिगतो दध्यङ्‌ङश्विभ्यां ब्रह्म निष्कलम् । यद्वा अश्वशिरो नाम तयोरमरतां व्यधात् ॥ ५२ ॥

sa vā adhigato dadhyaṅṅ aśvibhyāṁ brahma niṣkalam yad vā aśvaśiro nāma tayor amaratāṁ vyadhāt

ആ സന്യാസി ദധ്യങ് (ദധീചി) നിർമലമായ ബ്രഹ്മവിദ്യ സ്വയം ഗ്രഹിച്ച് അശ്വിനീകുമാരന്മാർക്ക് നൽകി. അദ്ദേഹം കുതിരയുടെ തല മുഖേന മന്ത്രങ്ങൾ നൽകിയതായി കേൾക്കപ്പെടുന്നു; അതിനാൽ അവ ‘അശ്വശിര’ എന്ന പേരിൽ പ്രസിദ്ധം. ആ മന്ത്രങ്ങൾ ലഭിച്ചതോടെ അശ്വിനീകുമാരന്മാർ ഈ ജീവിതത്തിൽ തന്നേ ജീവന്മുക്തരായി.

सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्यसम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिपात; emphasis particle
अधिगतः(having) taught/communicated; having imparted
अधिगतः:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअधिगत (कृदन्त; अधि + √गम् (धातु) + क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; past passive participle used predicatively
दध्यङ्Dadhyañc
दध्यङ्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदध्यञ्च् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; छान्दस/पदभेदः (दध्यङ् for दध्यञ्च्)
अश्विभ्याम्to the two Aśvins
अश्विभ्याम्:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootअश्विन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), द्विवचन; instrumental (to/for the two Aśvins)
ब्रह्मsacred knowledge / brahma-vidyā
ब्रह्म:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
निष्कलम्without parts; flawless
निष्कलम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिष्कल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; adjective qualifying ब्रह्म
यत्which / or else (that which)
यत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्यसम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; relative pronoun
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्यसम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय
अश्वशिरःhorse-head
अश्वशिरः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व + शिरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘अश्वस्य शिरः’
नामnamed
नाम:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्यसम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम (अव्यय)
Formनामार्थक अव्यय (quotative/‘named’)
तयोःof the two
तयोः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, षष्ठी (6th), द्विवचन
अमरताताम्immortality
अमरताताम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअमरता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
व्यधात्bestowed / arranged
व्यधात्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवि + √धा (धातु)
Formलुङ् (Aorist/अङ्गत), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

The following story is narrated by many ācāryas in their commentaries:

D
Dadhyaṅg (Dadhīci)
A
Aśvinī-kumāras (Aśvins)

FAQs

The Aśvinī-kumāras are the twin divine physicians among the devas; this verse states that Dadhyaṅg transmitted to them flawless brahma-vidyā (spiritual knowledge), and is also remembered as granting them immortality under the name Aśvaśirā.

In the narrative surrounding the devas’ crisis and the events leading to Vṛtrāsura’s appearance, Śukadeva highlights prior episodes of sacred knowledge and divine arrangements—such as Dadhyaṅg’s gift to the Aśvins—to show how higher wisdom and divine boons shape outcomes beyond mere power struggles.

Seek “niṣkala” knowledge—pure, undivided spiritual understanding—through authentic transmission and humility, and value wisdom over temporary gains, since true upliftment comes from realized knowledge and its proper sharing.