Sutra 4

Devanagari script

दिवा रात्रौ वा सशस्त्रस्य प्रविशत उत्तमो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०४.१३.०४ ॥

Transliteration

divā rātrau vā saśastrasya praviśata uttamo daṇḍaḥ

Translation

പകലോ രാത്രിയോ, ആയുധധാരിയായി പ്രവേശിച്ചാൽ പരമോന്നത ശിക്ഷ വിധിക്കണം.

Word by Word

• दिवा: by day, in the daytime
• Type: Avyaya (indeclinable)
• Root: दिव्
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्ययम् (time adverb)

• रात्रौ: at night
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-एकवचन (locative singular)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम् (disjunctive ‘or’)

• सशस्त्रस्य: of an armed person
• Type: Noun (with prefix)
• Root: शस्त्र
• Form: ‘स-’ उपसर्ग/उपपदपूर्वक-तत्पुरुषभावः; पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-एकवचन (genitive singular): ‘of one who is armed’

• प्रविशतः: (for one) entering, entering (into)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-विश्
• Form: लट् (present); परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमा-एकवचन; वर्तमानकालिक-कर्तरि; (आदेशात्मक/विध्यर्थ-प्रयोगः सूत्रशैली) ‘(for one) entering’

• उत्तमः: the highest, maximum
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying दण्डः)

• दण्डः: punishment; penalty
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; कर्तृ/विधेय-शब्दः (predicate nominative)

Entities Mentioned

• armed intruder

More Details

FAQs

What principle does this rule illustrate?

Aggravation by capability for violence: carrying weapons elevates the threat level, so punishment escalates irrespective of time.

How does this support governance?

It discourages armed coercion and reduces escalation into homicide/riot by making weaponized intrusion economically and legally prohibitive.