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Agni Purana — Dharma-shastra, Shloka 11

अध्याय १६२ — धर्मशास्त्रकथनम्

Dharmaśāstra Exposition: Authorities, Pravṛtti–Nivṛtti, Upākarman, and Anadhyāya Rules

जलान्ते छन्दसाङ्कुर्यादुत्सर्गं विधिवद्वहिः त्र्यहं प्रेतेष्वनध्यायः शिष्यर्त्विग्गुरुबन्धुषु

jalānte chandasāṅkuryādutsargaṃ vidhivadvahiḥ tryahaṃ preteṣvanadhyāyaḥ śiṣyartviggurubandhuṣu

ജലത്തിന്റെ കരയിൽ വിധിപ്രകാരം വേദഛന്ദസ്സുകളുടെ ‘ഉത്സർഗം’ പുറത്തായി (തീരത്ത്) നടത്തണം. ശിഷ്യൻ, ഋത്വിക്, ഗുരു, ബന്ധുക്കൾ എന്നിവരിൽ ആരെങ്കിലും മരിച്ചാൽ മൂന്നു ദിവസം അനധ്യായം (വേദപഠനനിരോധം) ഉണ്ടായിരിക്കും.

jala-anteat the water’s edge
jala-ante:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootjala (प्रातिपदिक) + anta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7 विभक्ति), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष: jalasya antaḥ (at the edge of water)
chandasāwith Vedic meter/with Vedic chant
chandasā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootchandas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3 विभक्ति), Singular (एकवचन)
kuryātshould perform
kuryāt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
utsargamthe utsarga (release/ending rite)
utsargam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootutsarga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2 विभक्ति), Singular (एकवचन)
vidhi-vataccording to the prescribed rule
vidhi-vat:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvidhi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), adverbial in -vat (वत्) meaning 'according to rule'
bahiḥoutside
bahiḥ:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbahiḥ (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), adverb (देशवाचक)
tri-ahamfor three days
tri-aham:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roottri (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + ahan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2 विभक्ति) used adverbially, Singular (एकवचन); द्विगु: three days
preteṣuwhen there are deaths / among the departed
preteṣu:
Nimitta/Adhikaraṇa (निमित्त/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpreta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7 विभक्ति), Plural (बहुवचन)
anadhyāyaḥ(there is) suspension of study
anadhyāyaḥ:
Karta/Pradhāna (कर्ता/प्रधान)
TypeNoun
Rootan-adhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1 विभक्ति), Singular (एकवचन)
śiṣya-ṛtvig-guru-bandhuṣuamong disciples, priests, teachers, and relatives
śiṣya-ṛtvig-guru-bandhuṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootśiṣya (प्रातिपदिक) + ṛtvij (प्रातिपदिक) + guru (प्रातिपदिक) + bandhu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7 विभक्ति), Plural (बहुवचन); इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व: among disciples, officiating priests, teachers, and relatives

Lord Agni (in discourse to Sage Vasiṣṭha, Agni Purana’s primary narration frame)

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Dharmashastra","secondary_vidya":"Mantra","practical_application":"Governs Vedic study protocol: performing Utsarga (temporary release/suspension) at a water’s edge and observing a three-day anadhyāya after deaths among close relational categories, ensuring ritual purity and correct conduct.","sutra_style":true}

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"Procedure","entry_title":"Anadhyāya after death and Utsarga at the water’s edge","lookup_keywords":["anadhyāya","utsarga","jala-anta","aśauca","tri-ahna"],"quick_summary":"Prescribes performing Utsarga properly at a water boundary and mandates three days’ suspension of Vedic study upon death in specified relations (disciple, priest, teacher, kinsmen). Practical takeaway: pause recitation to maintain śāstric propriety during aśauca-related periods."}

Concept: Dharma regulates sacred speech (svādhyāya) through purity, context, and relational obligations during aśauca.

Application: Implement anadhyāya calendars in gurukulas/vedic pāṭhaśālās; formalize pause/resumption rites around bereavement events.

Khanda Section: Dharma-vidhi (Anadhyaya & Śrāddha/Aśauca-related rules)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Type: River

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A Vedic student at a riverbank performing Utsarga—placing manuscripts aside, offering water with darbha—while a household observes a three-day mourning period in the background.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, riverbank scene with stylized waves, student with palm-leaf texts and kuśa grass, subdued colors indicating mourning, bold outlines and flat perspective.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore, riverbank ritual with gold highlights on water pot and sacred thread, figures in solemn posture, ornate border, minimal background architecture.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore painting, clear step-by-step ritual depiction at water’s edge, labeled items (darbha, kamaṇḍalu, grantha), gentle shading and fine detailing.","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, detailed river landscape, scholar performing rite, mourners in a courtyard behind, delicate facial expressions and textile patterns."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"contemplative","suggested_raga":"Todi","pace":"slow","voice_tone":"instructional"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: chandasāṅkuryād → chandasā + kuryāt; preteṣvanadhyāyaḥ → preteṣu + anadhyāyaḥ; śiṣyartviggurubandhuṣu → śiṣya-ṛtvig-guru-bandhuṣu.

Related Themes: Agni Purana anadhyāya rules cluster (lightning, calamities, śrāddha contexts); Agni Purana śrāddha/aśauca passages where present

C
Chandas (Veda)
A
Anadhyaya
R
Rtvij
G
Guru

FAQs

It teaches anadhyāya-vidhi: how and when Vedic recitation is formally concluded (utsarga) and when study must be suspended for a fixed period due to a death-related circumstance.

Beyond mythology, it preserves practical dharma regulations—procedures for Vedic practice, purity, and social-religious obligations—showing the text’s role as a compendium of applied ritual law.

Observing anadhyāya after a death maintains ritual purity and reverence for Vedic speech; it prevents transgression (doṣa) and supports orderly performance of duties during periods of mourning or impurity.