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Shloka 12

Pitṛbhakti and Śrāddha: The Classification of Pitṛs and the Superiority of Pitṛ-kārya

कौशिकस्य सुतास्तात शिष्या गर्गस्य चाभवन् । पितर्युपरते सर्वे प्रवसंतस्तदाभवन्

kauśikasya sutāstāta śiṣyā gargasya cābhavan | pitaryuparate sarve pravasaṃtastadābhavan

ລູກເອີຍ ບຸດທັງຫຼາຍຂອງເກົາສິກະ ໄດ້ເປັນສິດຂອງຄູກາຣກະ. ເມື່ອບິດາຂອງເຂົາເຈົ້າລ່ວງລັບໄປ ພວກເຂົາທັງໝົດກໍອອກຈາກເຮືອນ ໄປພຳນັກຢູ່ແດນໄກ.

कौशिकस्यof Kauśika
कौशिकस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootkauśika (कौशिक-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (genitive), एकवचन
सुताःsons
सुताः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsuta (सुत-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
तातO dear (sir)
तात:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Roottāta (तात-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसम्बोधन (vocative), एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग
शिष्याःdisciples
शिष्याः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśiṣya (शिष्य-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; apposition to 'sutāḥ'
गर्गस्यof Garga
गर्गस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootgarga (गर्ग-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
and
:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (च-अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक
अभवन्were / became
अभवन्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (भू-धातु)
Formलङ् (imperfect/past), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद
पितरिwhen the father (was...) / in the father
पितरि:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (पितृ-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (locative), एकवचन
उपरतेhaving departed / deceased
उपरते:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootupa+ram (रम्-धातु)
Formकृदन्त: क्त-प्रत्यय (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक? here locative singular agreeing with 'पितरि' (सप्तमी एकवचन); उपसर्ग: उप-; अर्थ: 'ceased/departed'
सर्वेall (of them)
सर्वे:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (सर्व-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
प्रवसन्तःliving away / staying abroad
प्रवसन्तः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र+वस् (वस्-धातु)
Formकृदन्त: शतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; उपसर्ग: प्र-; predicate/qualifier of 'सर्वे'
तदाthen
तदा:
Kala-adhikarana (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (तदा-अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, कालवाचक (temporal adverb)
अभवन्were
अभवन्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (भू-धातु)
Formलङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pashu

K
Kauśika
G
Garga

FAQs

It highlights the Shaiva dharmic ideal that after life’s upheavals, one should take refuge in disciplined study under a qualified guru—an outward step that supports inward purification leading toward Shiva’s grace.

By emphasizing discipleship and right guidance, it implies that Linga-worship and Saguna Shiva devotion become fruitful when performed with proper instruction, humility, and regulated conduct.

A practical takeaway is to adopt a guru-guided daily sadhana—such as japa of the Panchakshara (Om Namaḥ Śivāya) and simple Linga-puja—performed consistently with discipline.