Rig Veda 9.91.2: Mandala 9, Sukta 91, Mantra 2

Sukta 9.91

Rishi: Rebha Kāśyapa (traditional; hymn-level)

Devata: Soma Pavamāna

Chandas: Jagatī (probable; confirm metrically)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

वीती जनस्य दिव्यस्य कव्यैरधि सुवानो नहुष्येभिरिन्दुः । प्र यो नृभिरमृतो मर्त्येभिर्मर्मृजानोऽविभिर्गोभिरद्भिः ॥

Transliteration

vītī́ jánasya divyásya kavyáir ádhi suvānó nahuṣyébhir índuḥ | prá yó nṛ́bhir amṛ́to mártyebhir marmṛjānó’vibhír góbhir adbhiḥ ||

Translation

For the enjoyment of the divine people, by the poets’ inspirations, the Soma-drop is pressed out with the Nahushya men. He advances—immortal among mortals—being cleansed and clarified by the sheep (wool), by the cows (rays), and by the waters (streams of clarity).

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Word by Word

• वीती: the (ritual) feast / refreshment / pursuit
• वीती: Kartā (वाक्ये मुख्यविषयः) / Adhikaraṇa (भावार्थे ‘in the feast’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीति- (प्रातिपदिक; √वे/√वी ‘to go, pursue’ > ‘pursuit/refreshment/feast’)

• जनस्य: of the people
• जनस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन- (प्रातिपदिक)

• दिव्यस्य: divine, heavenly
• दिव्यस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दिव्य- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘heavenly, divine’)

• कव्यैः: with/through the seers (poets)
• कव्यैः: Karaṇa (instrument/agency: ‘by/with the poets’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कव्य- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘sage/poet, inspired’)

• अधि: upon, over; in/at
• अधि: Adhikaraṇa/Upapada (preverbial/local sense ‘over, upon, in addition’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• सुवानः: being pressed, pressing forth (Soma)
• सुवानः: Kartā (इन्दोः विशेषणम्)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √सु (सुनोति ‘to press/express Soma’) + शानच्

• नहुष्येभिः: with the Nahushyas
• नहुष्येभिः: Karaṇa (with/by the Nahushyas)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नहुष्य- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘Nahushya’, a clan/descendants of Nahusha)

• इन्दुः: the Soma (drop)
• इन्दुः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्दु- (प्रातिपदिक; Soma-drop)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: Upasarga (direction/intensifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• यः: who, which
• यः: Kartā (relative pronoun)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नृभिः: with men, by heroes
• नृभिः: Karaṇa/सहकारक (with men)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृ- (प्रातिपदिक ‘man, hero’)

• अमृतः: immortal
• अमृतः: Kartā (as predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अमृत- (प्रातिपदिक ‘immortal’)

• मर्त्येभिः: with mortals
• मर्त्येभिः: Karaṇa/सहकारक (among/with mortals)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (substantive)
• Root: मर्त्य- (प्रातिपदिक ‘mortal’)

• मर्मृजानः: cleansing, purifying (himself)
• मर्मृजानः: Kartā (self-descriptive: ‘cleansing himself/being cleansed’)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √मृज् (मार्जति ‘to wipe/cleanse, purify’) + शानच्; (वेदिक पुनरुक्ति-रूप ‘मर्मृज्’)

• अविभिः: with sheep (i.e., with wool/filters)
• अविभिः: Karaṇa (with sheep’s wool/with sheep)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवि- (प्रातिपदिक ‘sheep/ewe’)

• गोभिः: with cows
• गोभिः: Karaṇa (with cows / with cow-products, metaphorically with rays)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो- (प्रातिपदिक ‘cow’)

• अद्भिः: with waters
• अद्भिः: Karaṇa (with waters)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप्/अद्- (प्रातिपदिक ‘water’)