Rig Veda 8.97.3: Mandala 8, Sukta 97, Mantra 3

Sukta 8.97

Devata: Indra

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

य इन्द्र सस्त्यव्रतोऽनुष्वापमदेवयुः । स्वैः ष एवैर्मुमुरत्पोष्यं रयिं सनुतर्धेहि तं ततः ॥

Transliteration

yá índra sásty avrátó ’nu-svā́pam ádevayuḥ | sváīḥ sá eváīr mumurat póṣyaṃ rayím sanutár dhehi táṃ tátas ||

Translation

Whoever, O Indra, is negligent, without the law of right working, sunk in sleep, not seeking the gods—by his own goings he falls away. But place the nourishing plenitude of being (rayi) with the one who wins it by true striving; set it there, away from that other.

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Word by Word

• यः: who (he who)
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (address)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• सस्त्यव्रतः: having a firm/true vow (steadfast in observance)
• सस्त्यव्रतः: Kartā (यः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सस्त्य-व्रत (प्रातिपदिक; समासः)

• अनुष्वापम्: in following-sleep / in a drowsy way (as if asleep)
• अनुष्वापम्: Adhikaraṇa/Prakāra (manner)
• Type: Adverbial (accusative of manner) / Indeclinable-like usage
• Root: अनु-स्वप् (धातु: स्वप् ‘to sleep’; उपसर्गः अनु-)

• अदेवयुः: not seeking the gods; godless/irreverent
• अदेवयुः: Kartā (यः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-देव-यु (प्रातिपदिक; नञ्-समासः)

• स्वैः: with his own (means/men)
• स्वैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: स्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• एवैः: with these very (same ones)
• एवैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Particle-like demonstrative (Vedic) / Pronoun-adjective
• Root: एव (निपात) / एवै (प्रातिपदिक-रूपेण ‘these very’)

• मुमुरत्: perished / died
• मुमुरत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: मृ (धातु ‘to die’), desiderative/iterative? here: perfect-like reduplicated stem मु-मुर्

• पोष्यम्: nourishing / to be fostered
• पोष्यम्: Karma (object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पोष्य (कृदन्त; √पुष् ‘to thrive, nourish’ → पोष्य ‘to be nourished/that which nourishes’)

• रयिम्: wealth, riches
• रयिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रयि (प्रातिपदिक)

• सनुतर्: more and more; ever further
• सनुतर्: Adhikaraṇa/Prakāra (degree/manner)
• Type: Indeclinable (adverb)
• Root: सनुतर् (अव्यय/क्रियाविशेषण; comparative of सनु ‘old, former’ in Vedic sense ‘more and more/ever’)

• धेहि: place/bestow (give)
• धेहि: Kriyā
• Type: Verb (imperative)
• Root: धा (धातु ‘to put, place, bestow’)

• तम्: that (him/it)
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ततः: from there; thence
• ततः: Apādāna (source) / Adverbial
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रभव अव्यय)