Rig Veda 8.20.16: Mandala 8, Sukta 20, Mantra 16

Sukta 8.20

Rishi: Sobharī Kāṇva (traditional attribution for RV 8.20, Kāṇva lineage)

Devata: Marutāḥ

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable for RV 8.20; verse-length and cadence align with common Marut hymns)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यस्य वा यूयं प्रति वाजिनो नर आ हव्या वीतये गथ । अभि ष द्युम्नैरुत वाजसातिभिः सुम्ना वो धूतयो नशत् ॥

Transliteration

yásya vā yūyáṃ práti vājíno nara ā́ havyā́ vītáye gáthā | abhí ṣá dyumnáir utá vā́jasātibhiḥ sumnā́ vo dhūtáyo naśat ||

Translation

To whom you, O impetuous lords of the journey, come in response—to enjoy the offerings—upon him you descend with your luminous powers and victories of plenitude; your glad benedictions reach him, O swift ones.

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Word by Word

• यस्य: of whom/whose
• यस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → य-

• वा: or/indeed
• वा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (निपात)

• यूयम्: you (pl.)
• यूयम्: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रति: towards/against; in response to
• प्रति: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• वा: or/indeed
• वा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (निपात)

• वाजिनः: O prize-winners/strong steeds; O vigorous ones
• वाजिनः: सम्बोधन/कर्तृ (सह-सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वाजिन् (प्रातिपदिक) < वाज (strength/prize)

• नरः: O men/warriors
• नरः: सम्बोधन/कर्तृ (सह-सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)

• आ: hither; unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• हव्या: oblations
• हव्या: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: हव्य (प्रातिपदिक) < √हु (to sacrifice, offer)

• वीतये: for enjoyment/for the feast (receiving)
• वीतये: सम्प्रदान (purpose/for)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीति (प्रातिपदिक) < √वे/√वी (to pursue, enjoy, seek)

• गथ: come/go (hither)!
• गथ: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (गच्छति) with preverb आ-; Vedic injunctive/imperative-type form

• अभि: towards, upon
• अभि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• ष: he/that (one)
• ष: कर्तृ/निर्देशक
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: स (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → एष/स; enclitic Vedic form

• द्युम्नैः: with splendors/with glorious powers
• द्युम्नैः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्युम्न (प्रातिपदिक)

• उत: and; also
• उत: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत (निपात)

• वाजसातिभिः: with prize-winnings/victories
• वाजसातिभिः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाजसाति (प्रातिपदिक) < वाज + साति (< √सन्/√सा ‘to win, gain’)

• सुम्नाः: favors, benevolences
• सुम्नाः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुम्न (प्रातिपदिक)

• वः: of you / to you
• वः: सम्बन्ध/सम्प्रदान (to/for you)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• धूतयः: impulses/stirrings; invocations
• धूतयः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: धूति (प्रातिपदिक) < √धू (to shake; to stir; ritual ‘impulse/instigation’)

• नशत्: may (it) reach/attain
• नशत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √नश् (to reach, attain)