Rig Veda 5.55.1: Mandala 5, Sukta 55, Mantra 1

Sukta 5.55

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) (traditional ascription for Mandala 5 Atri hymns; specific verse-level attribution follows the sukta)

Devata: Maruts

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; refrain-like cadence appears through the sukta)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्रयज्यवो मरुतो भ्राजदृष्टयो बृहद्वयो दधिरे रुक्मवक्षसः । ईयन्ते अश्वैः सुयमेभिराशुभिः शुभं यातामनु रथा अवृत्सत ॥

Transliteration

práyajyavo maruto bhrā́jadṛṣṭayo bṛhádvayo dadhire rúkmavakṣasaḥ | ī́yante aśváīḥ suyámebhir āśúbhiḥ śúbhaṃ yātām ánu rathā́ avṛtsata ||

Translation

The Maruts, worthy of the forward sacrifice, with shining spears, bearing vast energies and golden breasts, move with well-yoked swift steeds. May your chariots roll following the auspicious path—toward the inner good.

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Word by Word

• प्रयज्यवः: the worshipful / sacrifice-worthy (ones)
• प्रयज्यवः: Kartā (apposition to मरुतः)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: प्र-यज्य (प्रātipadika; from √यज् 'to worship/sacrifice' with preverb प्र)

• मरुतः: the Maruts
• मरुतः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरुत् (प्रātipadika)

• भ्राजदृष्टयः: having shining appearance / shining in aspect
• भ्राजदृष्टयः: Kartā (apposition to मरुतः)
• Type: Adjective (bahuvrīhi-like descriptive compound)
• Root: भ्राजत्-दृष्टि (कर्मधारय; from √भ्राज् 'to shine' + दृष्टि 'sight/appearance')

• बृहद्वयः: of great vigor
• बृहद्वयः: Kartā (apposition to मरुतः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहद्-वयस् (compound; बृहद् 'great' + वयस् 'vigor/strength')

• दधिरे: they have assumed / they have put on
• दधिरे: (finite verb of the clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा (धत्ते/दधाति) 'to place, put on, assume'

• रुक्मवक्षसः: golden-breasted / with golden ornaments on the chest
• रुक्मवक्षसः: Kartā (apposition to मरुतः)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: रुक्म-वक्षस् (बहुव्रीहि; रुक्म 'golden ornament' + वक्षस् 'breast/chest')

• ईयन्ते: they go / they speed
• ईयन्ते: (finite verb of the clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √इ (ईयते) 'to go, move'

• अश्वैः: with horses
• अश्वैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व (प्रātipadika)

• सुयमेभिः: well-reined / well-controlled
• सुयमेभिः: Karaṇa (qualifying अश्वैः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-यम (प्रātipadika; सु 'well' + यम 'rein/control')

• आशुभिः: swift
• आशुभिः: Karaṇa (qualifying अश्वैः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आशु (प्रātipadika)

• शुभम्: beauty / splendor / auspicious good
• शुभम्: Karma (goal/desired good)
• Type: Noun (also adjectival in usage)
• Root: शुभ (प्रātipadika)

• याताम्: let (them/two) go / may (they/two) come
• याताम्: (injunctive/imperative: addressed to a pair; often taken as dual addressees such as divine pair or the team)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या 'to go'

• अनु: along / after
• अनु: (upasarga/adverbial: 'along, after')
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु (indeclinable preverb/postposition)

• रथाः: the chariots
• रथाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रātipadika)

• अवृत्सत: they rolled/turned (on) / they set forth
• अवृत्सत: (finite verb of the clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृत् (वर्तते/वर्तति) 'to turn, roll, move; to set in motion'