Rig Veda 5.41.16: Mandala 5, Sukta 41, Mantra 16

Sukta 5.41

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya) (verse-level certainty: medium)

Devata: Maruts (with apotropaic mention of Ahi Budhnya as a hostile power to be averted)

Chandas: Jagatī (probable; verification recommended)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

कथा दाशेम नमसा सुदानूनेवया मरुतो अच्छोक्तौ प्रश्रवसो मरुतो अच्छोक्तौ । मा नोऽहिर्बुध्न्यो रिषे धादस्माकं भूदुपमातिवनिः ॥

Transliteration

kathā dāśema námasā su-dānūn eváyā marúto ácchoktau práśravaso marúto ácchoktau | mā no áhīr budhnyó riṣé dhād asmā́kaṃ bhūd upamātivániḥ ||

Translation

How shall we give with our reverence to the generous Maruts, coming by the true call, the far-hearing Maruts who arrive to the clear invocation? Let not the serpent of the depths strike us with harm; may our power of overcoming and measured mastery become effective for us.

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Word by Word

• कथा: how?
• कथा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथा (प्रश्नाव्यय)

• दाशेम: may we worship/offer
• दाशेम: Kartā (अहम्-वयम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दाश् (दाशति/दाशते) ‘दान/पूजा’

• नमसा: with reverence, by homage
• नमसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: नमस्

• सुदानून्: the generous ones (bounteous givers)
• सुदानून्: Karma
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: सु-दानु (प्रातिपदिक: सुदानु) अथवा सुदानु- (बहुव्रीहि) ‘उदार-दान’

• इव: like, as
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• अवया: with help/protection
• अवया: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अव (अवस्/अवा) ‘रक्षा, सहायता’

• मरुतः: the Maruts
• मरुतः: Kartā/सम्बोधनार्थ (देवता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरुत्

• अच्छ: towards
• अच्छ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अच्छ

• उक्तौ: in/at the hymn (utterance)
• उक्तौ: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: उक्ति

• प्रश्रवसः: of far-famed glory
• प्रश्रवसः: Viśeṣaṇa of मरुतः
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: प्र-श्रवस् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘प्रख्यात/प्रशंसनीय-यशस्’

• मरुतः: the Maruts
• मरुतः: Kartā/सम्बोधनार्थ (देवता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरुत्

• अच्छ: towards
• अच्छ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अच्छ

• उक्तौ: in/at the hymn
• उक्तौ: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: उक्ति

• मा: do not
• मा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा

• नः: us/our
• नः: Sampradāna/सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• अहिः: the serpent
• अहिः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहि

• बुध्न्यः: of the deep/abyssal (dwelling below)
• बुध्न्यः: Viśeṣaṇa of अहिः
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: बुध्न्य (प्रातिपदिक) ‘बुध्न-सम्बन्धी, गभीर/अधोवासी’

• रिषे: may (he) harm
• रिषे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रिष् (रिषति) ‘हानि/क्षति’

• धात्: may he place/inflict
• धात्: Kartā (अहिः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा (दधाति) ‘स्थापना/करण’

• अस्माकम्: of us, our
• अस्माकम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• भूत्: may it be
• भूत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (भवति) ‘भव’

• उपमातिवनिः: a surpassing protection/aid (lit. ‘over-measuring’ help)
• उपमातिवनिः: Kartā/विधेय
• Type: Noun/Adjective (epithet)
• Root: उप-मा-ति-वनि (समास/प्रातिपदिक; ‘उपमा’ + ‘अतिवनि/वनि’), वेदिक-विशेषण