Rig Veda 4.5.1: Mandala 4, Sukta 5, Mantra 1

Sukta 4.5

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for RV 4.5)

Devata: Agni Vaiśvānara

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify in critical edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

वैश्वानराय मीळ्हुषे सजोषाः कथा दाशेमाग्नये बृहद्भाः । अनूनेन बृहता वक्षथेनोप स्तभायदुपमिन्न रोधः ॥

Transliteration

vaiśvānaráya mīḷhúṣe sa-jóṣāḥ kathā́ dāśemā́gnaye bṛhád-bhāḥ | anū́nena bṛhatā́ vakṣáthenópa stabhāyad upa-mín na ródhaḥ ||

Translation

To Vaiśvānara, the bountiful, in one accord—how shall we give our offering to Agni of the vast radiance? With an undiminished, wide-bearing power he has propped up the obstruction, as it were a measured limit, so the path may stand open to the growing Light.

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Word by Word

• वैश्वानराय: to Vaiśvānara (Agni)
• वैश्वानराय: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैश्वानर (प्रातिपदिक; अग्नि-विशेष) < विश्वानर

• मीळ्हुषे: to the bountiful one
• मीळ्हुषे: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: मीळ्हु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘दानशील/उदार’) < √मील्ह्/मिह् (वेद. ‘to be gracious/give’)

• सजोषाः: being in concord / of one accord
• सजोषाः: कर्तृ (वक्ता/यजमान-समूह) अथवा विशेषण-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सजोषस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सह-तोष/सह-प्रसाद’) = स- + जोषस्

• कथा: how?
• कथा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथा (अव्यय/प्रश्न) < किम्

• दाशेम: may we offer / may we worship
• दाशेम: कर्तृ (वयं)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दाश् (वेद. ‘to worship/offer/give’)

• अग्नये: to Agni
• अग्नये: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• बृहद्भाः: (we) of great radiance / great splendor
• बृहद्भाः: कर्तृ (वयं) विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहद्भास् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘महतेजस्/महाप्रभ’) = बृहत् + भास्

• अनूनेन: with what is not deficient / with unfailing (means)
• अनूनेन: करण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनून (प्रातिपदिक; ‘अपूर्ण/अहीन’ = न ऊन) अथवा अनून (वेद. ‘not lacking’)

• बृहता: with the great (power/means)
• बृहता: करण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वक्षथेन: with the conveyance / with the bearing power
• वक्षथेन: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: वक्षथ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘वाहन/रथ/वहन-शक्ति’; from √वह्/√वक्ष् ‘to carry’)

• उप: up; near; upon
• उप: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• स्तभायत्: he propped up / made firm
• स्तभायत्: कर्तृ (अग्निः/वैश्वानरः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्तभ् (स्तम्भने ‘to prop, support, make firm’)

• उपमिन्न: as a counterpart / in like measure
• उपमिन्न: विशेषण (रोधः) / क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Adjective/Indeclinable-like
• Root: उपमिन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘उपमान/सदृश’; here as indeclinable-like qualifier) < उप + √मा (माने/मितौ)

• न: like; as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• रोधः: a barrier; obstruction; bank
• रोधः: कर्म/आश्रय (यत् स्तभायत्) अथवा कर्मपद
• Type: Noun
• Root: रोधस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘बन्ध/अवरोध/तट’) < √रुध् (आवरणे/निरोधे)