Rig Veda 4.44.1: Mandala 4, Sukta 44, Mantra 1

Sukta 4.44

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Aśvinau

Chandas: Jagatī or Triṣṭubh (uncertain from single verse; requires scan)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तं वां रथं वयमद्या हुवेम पृथुज्रयमश्विना संगतिं गोः । यः सूर्यां वहति वन्धुरायुर्गिर्वाहसं पुरुतमं वसूयुम् ॥

Transliteration

táṃ vāṃ ráthaṃ vayám adyā́ huvema pṛthú-jrayam aśvinā sam-gatíṃ góḥ | yáḥ sū́ryāṃ váhati vandhurā-yúr girvā́hasaṃ puru-tamáṃ vasūyúm ||

Translation

That chariot of yours we call today, O Aśvins—wide-racing, the meeting-place of the Rays (cows of light). It is the bearer of Sūryā, rich in yoked life, carrier of the inspired word, most abundant, seeker and giver of true riches.

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Word by Word

• तम्: that (it/him)
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वाम्: of you two / for you two
• वाम्: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• रथम्: chariot
• रथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अद्य: today, now
• अद्य: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (अव्यय)

• हुवेम: let us call/invoke
• हुवेम: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हू (ह्वयति) / √ह्वा (आह्वाने)

• पृथुज्रयम्: broad-speeding, wide-rushing
• पृथुज्रयम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पृथुज्रय (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय-समासः: पृथु + ज्रय ‘वेग/गति’)

• अश्विना: O Aśvins
• अश्विना: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun (dual deity name)
• Root: अश्विन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• संगतिम्: meeting, coming-together
• संगतिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: संगति (प्रातिपदिक; सम् + √गम् + क्तिन्)

• गोः: of the cow (cattle)
• गोः: (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• यः: who (he which)
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Relative pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सूर्याम्: Sūryā (the Sun-maiden / bride)
• सूर्याम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्या (प्रातिपदिक)

• वहति: carries, conveys
• वहति: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वह् (वहति)

• वन्धुरायुः: having the chariot-seat as life / whose life is on the chariot (charioteer-like)
• वन्धुरायुः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: वन्धुरायु (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि: वन्धुर ‘रथ-आसन/रथ-भाग’ + आयु ‘जीवन/आयु’)

• गिर्वाहसम्: praise-bearing, carrying hymns
• गिर्वाहसम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गिर्वाहस (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि: गिर् ‘स्तुति’ + वाहस ‘वाहक’)

• पुरुतमम्: most abundant, very many
• पुरुतमम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective (superlative)
• Root: पुरुतम (प्रातिपदिक; पुरु + तमप्)

• वसूयुम्: wealth-seeking, wealth-bringing
• वसूयुम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective/Noun (epithet)
• Root: वसूयु (प्रातिपदिक; desiderative/agentive from वसु ‘wealth’ → ‘desiring wealth’)