Rig Veda 3.31.17: Mandala 3, Sukta 31, Mantra 17

Sukta 3.31

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for RV 3.31)

Devata: Indra (with Sūrya as supporting illuminative power in imagery)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अनु कृष्णे वसुधिती जिहाते उभे सूर्यस्य मंहना यजत्रे । परि यत्ते महिमानं वृजध्यै सखाय इन्द्र काम्या ऋजिप्याः ॥

Transliteration

ánu kṛṣṇé vasudhítī jihāte ubhé sū́ryasya maṃhánā yájatre | pári yát te mahimā́naṃ vṛjádhyai sakhā́ya indra kā́myā ṛjipyā́ḥ ||

Translation

Following after, the two dark-holding foundations loosen and part—both are worthy of worship, by the generous power of the Sun. And to make room all around for your vast greatness, O Indra, your straight-moving comrades, seekers of the desirable, press on and clear the way.

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Word by Word

• अनु: after, along, in accordance
• अनु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• कृष्णे: in/with the two dark (nights/dawns)
• कृष्णे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: कृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)

• वसुधिती: the two rich/wealth-bearing ones
• वसुधिती: Kartā
• Type: Noun (dual epithet)
• Root: वसु-धिति (प्रातिपदिक; वसु + धिति)

• जिहाते: they two leave/abandon
• जिहाते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: हा (धातु; जहाति ‘to leave, abandon’)

• उभे: both (of them)
• उभे: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: उभ (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सूर्यस्य: of the Sun
• सूर्यस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• मंहना: by (his) bounty/might
• मंहना: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मंहना (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bounty, generosity, might’)

• यजत्रे: in/for the worshipful (one)
• यजत्रे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यजत्र (प्रातिपदिक; ‘worthy of worship’)

• परि: around, about
• परि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• यत्: which (that)
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Relative pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम)

• ते: of you/thy
• ते: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम)

• महिमानम्: greatness, majesty
• महिमानम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: महिमन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृजध्यै: to remove/ward off
• वृजध्यै: प्रयोजन (purpose)
• Type: Verb (infinitive)
• Root: वृज (धातु; ‘to turn/drive away, remove’; infinitive)

• सखायः: friends, companions
• सखायः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि (प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• काम्याः: desirable, wished-for
• काम्याः: Kartā (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: काम्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘desirable’)

• ऋजिप्याः: the ṛjipyas (straight/ardent ones)
• ऋजिप्याः: Kartā (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: ऋजिप्य (प्रातिपदिक; epithet, ‘straight/bright/ardent’)