Rig Veda 10.5.4: Mandala 10, Sukta 5, Mantra 4

Sukta 10.5

Rishi: Dīrghatamas Āucathya (traditional)

Devata: R̥ta / Rodasī (Heaven-Earth) as field of R̥ta

Chandas: Jagatī (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ऋतस्य हि वर्तनयः सुजातमिषो वाजाय प्रदिवः सचन्ते । अधीवासं रोदसी वावसाने घृतैरन्नैर्वावृधाते मधूनाम् ॥

Transliteration

ṛtásya hí vartanáyaḥ su-jātám íṣo vājā́ya prá-divaḥ sácante | adhīvāsáṃ rodasī vāvásāne ghṛtáiḥ ánnair vāvṛdhāte mádhūnām ||

Translation

For the paths of R̥ta cleave to what is well-born; the impulsions join to plenitude of force from the forward heaven. The two worlds, clothing themselves with the covering, grow by clarified richness and by foods of delight, by the sweetnesses.

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Word by Word

• ऋतस्य: of ṛta (cosmic order/truth)
• ऋतस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (प्रातिपदिक) < √ऋ (गतौ/ऋणोति) → ‘ऋत’ (स्थापित-नियम/सत्य)

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (निपात)

• वर्तनयः: paths/courses
• वर्तनयः: कर्तृ (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्तन (प्रातिपदिक) < √वृत् (वर्तने) ‘turning/track’

• सुजातम्: well-born, nobly produced
• सुजातम्: कर्म (object, as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective (past passive participle used adjectivally)
• Root: सु-जात (कृदन्त/विशेषण) < √जन् (जनने) + उपसर्ग ‘सु’

• मिषः: nourishment, refreshment
• मिषः: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: मिष्/मिष (प्रातिपदिक) ‘refreshment, food, nourishment’

• वाजाय: for (the gaining of) strength/prize
• वाजाय: सम्प्रदान (purpose/recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाज (प्रातिपदिक) ‘prize, strength, (esp.) food/booty’

• प्रदिवः: of the fore/heavenly expanse
• प्रदिवः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्र-दिव् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘fore-heaven, highest heaven’ (प्र + दिव्) अथवा ‘प्रदिव’

• सचन्ते: they accompany/attach themselves
• सचन्ते: क्रिया (with कर्तृ = वर्तनयः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सच् (समवाये/अनुगमने) ‘to accompany, to join’

• अधीवासम्: the dwelling/abode
• अधीवासम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अधि-वास (प्रातिपदिक) ‘dwelling, abode; putting on/covering’ < √वस् (निवासे/आच्छादने) with अधि

• रोदसी: Heaven and Earth
• रोदसी: कर्म (as the pair affected/concerned)
• Type: Noun (dual fixed pair)
• Root: रोदसी (द्विवचन-प्रातिपदिक) ‘Heaven-and-Earth’

• वावसाने: shining/abiding (the two)
• वावसाने: विशेषण (qualifier)
• Type: Participle (present/active, Vedic) used adjectivally
• Root: √वस् (दीप्तौ/निवासे) with intensive/reduplicated stem वावस्; participial form

• घृतैः: with ghee
• घृतैः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: घृत (प्रातिपदिक) ‘ghee, clarified butter’

• अन्नैः: with foods
• अन्नैः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्न (प्रातिपदिक) ‘food’

• वावृधाते: the two grow/increase
• वावृधाते: क्रिया (कर्तृ = रोदसी)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृध् (वर्धने) with intensive/reduplicated stem वावृध्

• मधूनाम्: of sweet drinks/honeys
• मधूनाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (प्रातिपदिक) ‘sweetness; honey; soma-sweet drink’