Rig Veda 1.8.1: Mandala 1, Sukta 8, Mantra 1

Sukta 1.8

Rishi: Madhucchandas Vaiśvāmitra (traditional ascription for RV 1.1–1.11; applied here by continuity of the early Mandala 1 opening set)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Gāyatrī (3 pādas of 8 syllables; RV 1.8 is classically in Gāyatrī addressing Indra)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

एन्द्र सानसिं रयिं सजित्वानं सदासहम् । वर्षिष्ठमूतये भर ॥

Transliteration

ā́ indra sānasíṃ rayíṃ sa-jítvānaṃ sadā́-saham | várṣiṣṭham ūtáye bhara ||

Translation

O Indra, bring for our fostering a rayi—an inner wealth that is truly to be won—ever-victorious and unconquerable, the most abundant outpouring for our protection and increase.

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Word by Word

• आ: hither, towards
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• सानसिम्: gain, acquisition (booty)
• सानसिम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: सानसि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘प्राप्ति/लाभ’)

• रयिम्: wealth, riches
• रयिम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: रयि (प्रातिपदिक)

• सजित्वानम्: victorious, winning (together/fully)
• सजित्वानम्: विशेषण (कर्म-सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Adjective (participial)
• Root: सजित्वन् (प्रातिपदिक; कृत्-प्रत्यय -वत्/वान्, ‘सह जिता’)

• सदासहम्: ever-conquering, always prevailing
• सदासहम्: विशेषण (कर्म-सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सदा + सह (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सदा-सह’)

• वर्षिष्ठम्: most excellent, best
• वर्षिष्ठम्: विशेषण (कर्म-सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Adjective (superlative)
• Root: वृध्/वृष्-सम्बद्ध ‘वर्ष’ (प्रातिपदिक) + इष्ठ (तमप्)

• ऊतये: for help, for aid
• ऊतये: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊति (प्रातिपदिक)

• भर: bring, bear (hither)
• भर: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: भृ (धातु)