Rig Veda 1.53.11: Mandala 1, Sukta 53, Mantra 11

Sukta 1.53

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

य उदृचीन्द्र देवगोपाः सखायस्ते शिवतमा असाम । त्वां स्तोषाम त्वया सुवीरा द्राघीय आयुः प्रतरं दधानाः ॥

Transliteration

yá ut-ṛ́cīndra devá-gopā́ḥ sákhāyas te śivátamā́ ásāma | tvā́ṃ stoṣāma tváyā su-vī́rā drā́ghīya áyuḥ pratáraṃ dádhānāḥ ||

Translation

We who rise upward, O Indra—guarded by the gods—may be your most benevolent friends. We will praise you; with you may we be rich in heroic powers, holding a longer life and a more victorious forward movement.

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Word by Word

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-stem ya-)

• उदृची: upright, exalted
• उदृची: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उद्-ऋच् (prātipadika: udṛc- ‘upright/raised’)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: (Sambodhana)
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (prātipadika)

• देवगोपाः: god-protecting guardians / protectors of the gods
• देवगोपाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव-गोप (tatpuruṣa prātipadika: deva-gopa-)

• सखायः: friends, companions
• सखायः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि (prātipadika)

• ते: of you, your
• ते: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (enclitic pronoun)

• शिवतमाः: most auspicious
• शिवतमाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शिव (prātipadika) + -तम (superlative)

• असाम: are
• असाम: (Copula)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (dhātu ‘to be’) → perfect/augmentless injunctive-type form used as copula

• त्वाम्: you
• त्वाम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्

• स्तोषाम: I will praise
• स्तोषाम: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्तु (dhātu ‘to praise’)

• त्वया: with you / by you
• त्वया: Karaṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्

• सुवीराः: having good heroes/sons; well-manned
• सुवीराः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-वीर (bahuvrīhi/tatpuruṣa prātipadika: su-vīra-)

• द्राघीयः: longer
• द्राघीयः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्राघीयस् (comparative of द्राघ ‘long’)

• आयुः: life, lifespan
• आयुः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आयुस् (prātipadika)

• प्रतरम्: further/earlier/more forward
• प्रतरम्: (Adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable (comparative adverb)
• Root: प्रतर (comparative adverb from प्र ‘forward/early’)

• दधानाः: placing, bestowing
• दधानाः: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: धा (dhātu ‘to place, bestow’) → pres. participle