Rig Veda 1.153.3: Mandala 1, Sukta 153, Mantra 3

Sukta 1.153

Rishi: Dīrghatamas Āucathya

Devata: Mitra–Varuṇa (with Aditi invoked/evoked as supporting power)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

पीपाय धेनुरदितिॠताय जनाय मित्रावरुणा हविर्दे । हिनोति यद्वां विदथे सपर्यन्त्स रातहव्यो मानुषो न होता ॥

Transliteration

pīpā́ya dhēnúr áditiḥ ṛtā́ya jánāya mitrāvaruṇā havir-dé | hinóti yád vāṁ vidáthē sapáryan sá rā́ta-havyo mā́nuṣo na hótā ||

Translation

Aditi, the nourishing Cow, swells for the people who choose the ṛta; O Mitra and Varuṇa, she yields the offering’s gift. When the human Hotṛ serves you in the assembly, he impels the rite forward, one whose oblations are truly given.

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Word by Word

• पीपाय: has made to swell / has filled
• पीपाय: Kriyā (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पा (पाने/पिबति; caus./intens. stem पीपाय-)

• धेनुः: the cow (milch-cow)
• धेनुः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनु-

• अदितिः: Aditi
• अदितिः: Kartā (apposition to धेनुः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अदिति-

• ऋताय: for ṛta (cosmic order / truth)
• ऋताय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत-

• जनाय: for the people / for mankind
• जनाय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन-

• मित्रावरुणा: O Mitra and Varuṇa
• मित्रावरुणा: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र- + वरुण- (dvandva)

• हविःदे: give the oblation
• हविःदे: Kriyā (injunction)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हविस्- + √दा (दाने) → दे (2nd sg impv.)

• हि: for / indeed
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• नोति: impels / sets in motion
• नोति: Kriyā (subordinate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ह्नु/√हन्? (Vedic: हिनोति from √हि (to impel/drive))

• यत्: when / that which
• यत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यद्

• वाम्: of you two / to you two
• वाम्: Sampradāna/Śeṣa (contextual)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्

• विदथे: in the rite/assembly (vidatha)
• विदथे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: विदथ-

• सपर्यन्: worshipping / serving
• सपर्यन्: Kartā (of implied action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सपऱ्य्/√सपर्य (to honor, worship)

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्

• रातहव्यः: whose oblation is given / having the offered oblation
• रातहव्यः: Viśeṣaṇa (of सः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रात- (given) + हव्य- (oblation) (bahuvrīhi)

• मानुषः: human
• मानुषः: Viśeṣaṇa (of होता)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: मानुष-

• न: like / as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• होता: the Hotṛ-priest (invoker)
• होता: Kartā (apposition to सः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ-