Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 75, Shloka 44

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चसप्ततितमः सर्गः

Sarga 75: Bharata and Kausalya—Reproach, Oaths, and Reconciliation

Devanagari script

उभे सन्ध्ये शयानस्य यत्पापं परिकल्प्यते।तच्चपापं भवेत्तस्य यस्यार्योऽनुमते गतः।।।।

Transliteration

ubhe sandhye śayānasya yat pāpaṃ parikalpyate | tac ca pāpaṃ bhavet tasya yasyāryo 'numate gataḥ ||

Translation

ຂໍໃຫ້ຜູ້ໃດກໍຕາມ ຜູ້ທີ່ດ້ວຍຄວາມຍິນຍອມຂອງຕົນ ເຮັດໃຫ້ພີ່ຊາຍຜູ້ສູງສົ່ງຂອງຂ້າພະເຈົ້າໄປສູ່ການນິລະເທດ ຈົ່ງຮັບບາບນັ້ນເອງ ຄືບາບຂອງຜູ້ທີ່ນອນຫຼັບລ່ວງສັນທະຍາທັງສອງ ໃນຍາມອາລຸນແລະຍາມແລງ.

Word by Word

• ubhe: both
• ubhe: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ubha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Dual (द्विवचन); qualifies sandhye

• sandhye: twilights (dawn and dusk)
• sandhye: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sandhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Dual (द्विवचन)

• śayānasya: of one sleeping
• śayānasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śī (धातु)
• Form: Present middle participle (कृत्: शानच्), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); 'of one who is lying/sleeping'

• yat: whatever
• yat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); correlates with tat

• pāpam: sin
• pāpam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• parikalpyate: is determined
• parikalpyate: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari+klp (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपदम); passive-like sense 'is determined/assigned'

• tat: that
• tat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); correlates with yat

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चयः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय)

• pāpam: sin
• pāpam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhavet: may be/shall be
• bhavet: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपदम)

• tasya: for him/of him
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• yasya: whose
• yasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• āryaḥ: the noble one
• āryaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ārya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• anumate: with approval
• anumate: Hetu (हेतुः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu+man (धातु)
• Form: Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन) of 'anumata' (कृत्: क्त) used adverbially: 'with consent'

• gataḥ: gone (exiled)
• gataḥ: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: Past active participle (कृत्: क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

May the one who counselled the exile of my esteemed brother acquire the extent of demerit fixed for a person, who sleeps at the hour of twilight of dawn and dusk!

Characters & Entities

• Rama (āryaḥ, implied)
• Bharata (speaker, implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is linked to disciplined observance of sacred duties; neglect of sandhyā-time responsibilities symbolizes moral negligence.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata intensifies his denunciation by invoking well-known ritual-moral categories of fault.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Reverence for dharma as lived practice—Bharata’s worldview treats ethical failure as inseparable from neglect of duty.