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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 63, Shloka 35

दशरथस्य शोकानुचिन्तनं शब्धवेधि-दोषस्मरणं च

Daśaratha’s grief, karmic reflection, and the remembered ‘śabdavedhī’ misdeed

वृद्धै च मतापितरावहं चैकेषुणा हता।केन स्मनिहता स्सर्वे सुबालेनाकृतात्मना।।2.63.35।।

vṛddhau ca mātāpitarāv ahaṃ caikeṣuṇā hatāḥ | kena sma nihatāḥ sarve subālenākṛtātmanā || 2.63.35 ||

ພໍ່ແມ່ເຖົ້າຊະລາຂອງຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ ແລະຂ້າພະເຈົ້າເອງ ປານດັ່ງຖືກສັງຫານດ້ວຍລູກສອນດອກດຽວ; ໃຜໜໍໄດ້ທຳລາຍພວກເຮົາທັງໝົດ—ເດັກນ້ອຍຜູ້ເບິ່ງຄື ‘ດີ’ ແຕ່ໃຈຍັງບໍ່ສຸກງອມ ແລະປະມາດ?

वृद्धैःwith the old (ones)
वृद्धैः:
Sahakāraka (सह/साकं)
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण/सह) बहुवचन; Instrumental plural
and
:
Sambandha (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
माताmother
माता:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; Nominative singular
पितरौ(my) two parents/father-and-mother (dual)
पितरौ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा द्विवचन; Nominative dual
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा एकवचन; Pronoun nominative singular
also/and
:
Sambandha (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
एकेषुणाwith a single arrow
एकेषुणा:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootएक + इषु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (एकः इषुः); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन; Instrumental singular
हताःkilled
हताः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु)
Formकृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय, भूतकर्मणि/भूतकालिक-निष्पन्न), पुंलिङ्ग प्रथमा बहुवचन; past passive participle ‘killed’
केनby whom
केन:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formसर्वनाम, तृतीया एकवचन; Instrumental singular ‘by whom’
स्मindeed/then (particle)
स्म:
Sambandha (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्म (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), भूतार्थ/स्मरणार्थ-प्रयोग
निहताःslain
निहताः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Rootनि + हन् (धातु)
Formकृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय), पुंलिङ्ग प्रथमा बहुवचन; past passive participle ‘slain’
सर्वेall (of us)
सर्वे:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; Nominative plural
सुबालेनby a good boy
सुबालेन:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootसु + बाल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (सु-विशेषण + बाल); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन; Instrumental singular
अकृतात्मनाby one of uncontrolled/ill-disposed mind
अकृतात्मना:
Hetu/Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअकृतात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहि-समास (अकृतः आत्मा यस्य); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन; Instrumental singular, qualifying ‘सुबालेन’

'My aged parents along with me are killed by a single arrow. Who is that maliciousknave who has slain us?

Ś
Śravaṇa
M
mother
F
father
A
arrow

FAQs

The verse stresses accountability: even a ‘well-born’ or ‘good’ person can commit adharma if action is driven by rashness and lack of discernment. Dharma requires restraint and certainty before harming.

Śravaṇa, still unaware of the archer’s identity, questions who has shot him, highlighting the disproportionate harm caused by a single mistaken act.

Moral discernment (viveka) by contrast: the verse implies that true goodness requires disciplined intention, not merely youth or reputation.